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L.-H. Shih and Y.-T. Chien
incurring low customer satisfaction. From the sustainability point of view, too many
idle batteries also mean that the society does not get the environmental benefit of the
battery sharing systems, since the benefit of a PSS is increasing the utilization rate
of products.
This study tries to solve the problem by looking for effective persuasive design
strategy that persuade users to use the less visited stations. The work was conducted
in three stages:
(1) Candidate persuasive design strategies are collected from practical cases and
related literature on persuasive technology and persuasive design. By considering the problem characteristics of the current servive systems, eighteen
feasible design strategies were screened and suggested.
(2) The eighteen feasible design strategies are presented in a questionnaire that aims
to estimate the persuasion effects of the eighteen design strategies. In the questionnaire, each strategy is presented by using a storyboard that illustrates the
expected use experience assuming the design strategy is implemented. Questions measuring to what extent the respondents are persuaded by each design
strategy were presented soon after each storyboard.
(3) By going through statistical analysis, the persuasive design strategies with higher
persuasion effect are identified and recommended for reducing the gap of battery
utilization rates and raising the customer satisfaction. Furthermore, by using the
statistical analysis like ANOVA to analyze the persuasion effects with respect
to demographical variables such as gender and age, significant difference of
persuasion effects among different groups of users can be identified.
4.2 Literature Review
To find candidate persuasive design strategies before conducting the questionnaire
design, related literature are reviewed. Major searching keywords include persuasive technology, persuasive design, and persuasive system design. To explain how
a persuasion is successful, Fogg (2009) proposed a behavior model that includes
three major elements: motive, ability and trigger (prompt). He mentioned three
motives including sensation, anticipation and belonging. Six types of abilities are
often required for behavior changes including time, money, physical effort, brain
cycle, social deviance, and non-routine while three types of trigger can be utilized
for persuasion, including spark, facilitator, and signal. The model has been widely
used in many areas for persuading people for behavior change. For example, Lee
et al. (2014) used the model to raise the rate of women doing health examination.
Ackermann et al. (2018) studied consumers’ purchase behavior and overconsumption based on this behavior model. This study uses this model to check whether
design strategies are feasible for persuading people for behavior change.
Oinas-Kukkonnen and Harjumaa (2009) proposed a complete model/procedure
for persuasive design and called the model “persuasive system design (PSD)”. The
procedure include three stages: (1) understanding key issues behind persuasive
L.-H. Shih and Y.-T. Chien
incurring low customer satisfaction. From the sustainability point of view, too many
idle batteries also mean that the society does not get the environmental benefit of the
battery sharing systems, since the benefit of a PSS is increasing the utilization rate
of products.
This study tries to solve the problem by looking for effective persuasive design
strategy that persuade users to use the less visited stations. The work was conducted
in three stages:
(1) Candidate persuasive design strategies are collected from practical cases and
related literature on persuasive technology and persuasive design. By considering the problem characteristics of the current servive systems, eighteen
feasible design strategies were screened and suggested.
(2) The eighteen feasible design strategies are presented in a questionnaire that aims
to estimate the persuasion effects of the eighteen design strategies. In the questionnaire, each strategy is presented by using a storyboard that illustrates the
expected use experience assuming the design strategy is implemented. Questions measuring to what extent the respondents are persuaded by each design
strategy were presented soon after each storyboard.
(3) By going through statistical analysis, the persuasive design strategies with higher
persuasion effect are identified and recommended for reducing the gap of battery
utilization rates and raising the customer satisfaction. Furthermore, by using the
statistical analysis like ANOVA to analyze the persuasion effects with respect
to demographical variables such as gender and age, significant difference of
persuasion effects among different groups of users can be identified.
4.2 Literature Review
To find candidate persuasive design strategies before conducting the questionnaire
design, related literature are reviewed. Major searching keywords include persuasive technology, persuasive design, and persuasive system design. To explain how
a persuasion is successful, Fogg (2009) proposed a behavior model that includes
three major elements: motive, ability and trigger (prompt). He mentioned three
motives including sensation, anticipation and belonging. Six types of abilities are
often required for behavior changes including time, money, physical effort, brain
cycle, social deviance, and non-routine while three types of trigger can be utilized
for persuasion, including spark, facilitator, and signal. The model has been widely
used in many areas for persuading people for behavior change. For example, Lee
et al. (2014) used the model to raise the rate of women doing health examination.
Ackermann et al. (2018) studied consumers’ purchase behavior and overconsumption based on this behavior model. This study uses this model to check whether
design strategies are feasible for persuading people for behavior change.
Oinas-Kukkonnen and Harjumaa (2009) proposed a complete model/procedure
for persuasive design and called the model “persuasive system design (PSD)”. The
procedure include three stages: (1) understanding key issues behind persuasive