4 Persuasive Design for Improving Battery Swap Service Systems …
47
systems, (2) analyzing the persuasion context, and (3) proposing design strategies
for use. The procedure is basically adopted in this study. They also suggested twenty
eight useful design strategies that are divided into four categories: primary task
support, dialogue support, system credibility support and social support. Each category contains seven useful strategies for use. Many literature adopted the PSD model
for finding appropriate persuasive design. Chou (2010) used the model to persuade
women to ride bicycles. Lehto and Kukkonen (2011) used the 28 strategies to find
the best strategies for quitting smoking and alcohol. Kluchner et al. (2013) studied
the persuasive strategy for home energy saving. Karppinen et al. (2016) developed
a “health behavior change support system” for more healthy behavior based on the
PSD model. Since many of the example literature found the twenty eight design
strategies useful in persuasive design, they are considered as candidate strategies in
this study for further screening.
To find more candidate design strategies other than the 28 strategies suggested in
PSD, more literature were examined. For example, Dayan et al. (2011) suggested a
“nudges” strategy for changing dining pattern against obesity. Lu et al. (2014) tried
to find useful design for persuading college students to conduct more exercise and
sports instead of being addicted to the internet. Coombes and Jones (2016) studied
how to persuade children to walk and ride bicycles instead of taking automobiles.
Oh et al. (2018) used persuasive design on website interface to persuade people to
take action against obesity. Eisenbeiss et al. (2015) studied the real effects of using
strategies like discount and time constraint in marketing. Whillans et al. (2018)
proposed useful persuasive strategies using reminder strategy for persuading busy
people to make purchase plan in advance. Payne et al. (2018) suggested some useful
persuasive strategies for buying daily necessities. Chen et al. (2012) suggested a
virtual object like a virtual aquarium to provide feedback on users’ energy use.
Lu et al. (2016) suggested several feedback strategies like using different colors to
reduce energy use. Zhong and Huang (2016) suggested a “point reward system” to
encourage users’ recycling behavior. All the persuasive strategies in these literature
were considered for screening out feasible design strategies in this study.
4.3 Selecting Feasible Persuasive Design Strategies
In this section, feasible persuasive design strategies are selected in two steps: (1)
identifying candidate design strategies mentioned in the literature and (2) screening
out feasible ones considering the problem characteristics of behavior changes for
users taking the battery swap service. The second step is similar to the suggestion
of Oinas-Kukkonnen and Harjumaa (2009) about analyzing the persuasion context
before determining the design strategy. The candidate design strategies are adopted
from the literature mentioned in Sect. 2 while the 28 design strategies in PSD model
are adopted as a basis. Some strategies are deleted and some from other literature are
added in based on the consideration of whether the strategies are feasible to be applied
in the battery swap service system. In Sect. 3.1, the current user behavior/experience
47
systems, (2) analyzing the persuasion context, and (3) proposing design strategies
for use. The procedure is basically adopted in this study. They also suggested twenty
eight useful design strategies that are divided into four categories: primary task
support, dialogue support, system credibility support and social support. Each category contains seven useful strategies for use. Many literature adopted the PSD model
for finding appropriate persuasive design. Chou (2010) used the model to persuade
women to ride bicycles. Lehto and Kukkonen (2011) used the 28 strategies to find
the best strategies for quitting smoking and alcohol. Kluchner et al. (2013) studied
the persuasive strategy for home energy saving. Karppinen et al. (2016) developed
a “health behavior change support system” for more healthy behavior based on the
PSD model. Since many of the example literature found the twenty eight design
strategies useful in persuasive design, they are considered as candidate strategies in
this study for further screening.
To find more candidate design strategies other than the 28 strategies suggested in
PSD, more literature were examined. For example, Dayan et al. (2011) suggested a
“nudges” strategy for changing dining pattern against obesity. Lu et al. (2014) tried
to find useful design for persuading college students to conduct more exercise and
sports instead of being addicted to the internet. Coombes and Jones (2016) studied
how to persuade children to walk and ride bicycles instead of taking automobiles.
Oh et al. (2018) used persuasive design on website interface to persuade people to
take action against obesity. Eisenbeiss et al. (2015) studied the real effects of using
strategies like discount and time constraint in marketing. Whillans et al. (2018)
proposed useful persuasive strategies using reminder strategy for persuading busy
people to make purchase plan in advance. Payne et al. (2018) suggested some useful
persuasive strategies for buying daily necessities. Chen et al. (2012) suggested a
virtual object like a virtual aquarium to provide feedback on users’ energy use.
Lu et al. (2016) suggested several feedback strategies like using different colors to
reduce energy use. Zhong and Huang (2016) suggested a “point reward system” to
encourage users’ recycling behavior. All the persuasive strategies in these literature
were considered for screening out feasible design strategies in this study.
4.3 Selecting Feasible Persuasive Design Strategies
In this section, feasible persuasive design strategies are selected in two steps: (1)
identifying candidate design strategies mentioned in the literature and (2) screening
out feasible ones considering the problem characteristics of behavior changes for
users taking the battery swap service. The second step is similar to the suggestion
of Oinas-Kukkonnen and Harjumaa (2009) about analyzing the persuasion context
before determining the design strategy. The candidate design strategies are adopted
from the literature mentioned in Sect. 2 while the 28 design strategies in PSD model
are adopted as a basis. Some strategies are deleted and some from other literature are
added in based on the consideration of whether the strategies are feasible to be applied
in the battery swap service system. In Sect. 3.1, the current user behavior/experience