88
hordein i.e. full of Sulphur, C hordein with lack of Sulphur and D hordein having
greater molecular mass. C hordein is considered to possess powerful antioxidant
property. Hydrolysis via enzymes, is the most efficient way to increase antioxidant
potential of barley hordein (Chanput et al. 2009).
Recently, it is thought that lunasin like peptide resides in barley, with effective
biological action. This knowledge pushed researchers to search and identify lunasin
in other cereals (Jeong et al. 2002). Currently, lunasin is found in seed crops like
amaranth, soybean, rye and wheat. Other bioactive compounds (except for lunasin)
like peptides are under observation in these grains (Jeong et al. 2010).
Avena sativa L, an oat, is considered as a familiar cereal because of its food value
and multipurpose properties. Oat and oat by-products have been used as a supportive agent for the therapy of diabetes and heart ailments. In food, presence of oat
grain make the genes more effective that play a role in the development of β cell,
synthesis of protein and secretion of insulin (Yamaguchi et al. 1997). It is interesting
that lunasin like peptides are also observed in oat bran and are noted with greater
antioxidant ability (Nakurte et al. 2013).
Besides wheat, Secale cereale L., commonly known as rye, is the most useful
bran for bread especially in Europe and considered to be an important source of
roughage. In northern Europe, rye is regularly used as a staple food. Recent data
indicate that the use of rye bran is related to lowering the chances of degenerative
diseases such as heart disease, diabetes and cancers. Besides the roughage, minerals, different phytochemicals, vitamins have been recommended as a health promoting compounds. Lunasin-like peptides are also found in rye bran and their
concentration vary from one rye to another. Each of them possesses active biological activities (Bondia-Pons et al. 2009).
At a global level, rice as a cereal bran is considered to be a basic food and has
importance because of its nutraceutical value and easily digestible property. Rice is
also biologically important because of its contents. Rice contains a large variety of
proteins like glutelin, globulin, albumin and prolamin. Prolime protein fragment has
found potential application in developing and improving the immune system against
leukemia. Rice protein isolate (RPI) derived from rice protein can minimize brain
tumor in rats induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene (Yu et al. 2006).
5.2.7 Bioactive Peptides from Marine Sources
Marine products are now considered internationally for their diversity in the production of biologically active substances.
Peptides obtained from marine organisms have revealed a novel outlook for
medicinal progress. In a study it was found that BAPs isolated from marine species
can serve as potential blockers of ion channel, toxic effect on cells as well as possess
antimicrobial action (De Vries and Beart 1995).
Sponges belonging to phylum porifera consist of 1000 miscellaneous species
which extend from the surface to the depth of the ocean. A focus has been given to
K. Mustafa et al.
hordein i.e. full of Sulphur, C hordein with lack of Sulphur and D hordein having
greater molecular mass. C hordein is considered to possess powerful antioxidant
property. Hydrolysis via enzymes, is the most efficient way to increase antioxidant
potential of barley hordein (Chanput et al. 2009).
Recently, it is thought that lunasin like peptide resides in barley, with effective
biological action. This knowledge pushed researchers to search and identify lunasin
in other cereals (Jeong et al. 2002). Currently, lunasin is found in seed crops like
amaranth, soybean, rye and wheat. Other bioactive compounds (except for lunasin)
like peptides are under observation in these grains (Jeong et al. 2010).
Avena sativa L, an oat, is considered as a familiar cereal because of its food value
and multipurpose properties. Oat and oat by-products have been used as a supportive agent for the therapy of diabetes and heart ailments. In food, presence of oat
grain make the genes more effective that play a role in the development of β cell,
synthesis of protein and secretion of insulin (Yamaguchi et al. 1997). It is interesting
that lunasin like peptides are also observed in oat bran and are noted with greater
antioxidant ability (Nakurte et al. 2013).
Besides wheat, Secale cereale L., commonly known as rye, is the most useful
bran for bread especially in Europe and considered to be an important source of
roughage. In northern Europe, rye is regularly used as a staple food. Recent data
indicate that the use of rye bran is related to lowering the chances of degenerative
diseases such as heart disease, diabetes and cancers. Besides the roughage, minerals, different phytochemicals, vitamins have been recommended as a health promoting compounds. Lunasin-like peptides are also found in rye bran and their
concentration vary from one rye to another. Each of them possesses active biological activities (Bondia-Pons et al. 2009).
At a global level, rice as a cereal bran is considered to be a basic food and has
importance because of its nutraceutical value and easily digestible property. Rice is
also biologically important because of its contents. Rice contains a large variety of
proteins like glutelin, globulin, albumin and prolamin. Prolime protein fragment has
found potential application in developing and improving the immune system against
leukemia. Rice protein isolate (RPI) derived from rice protein can minimize brain
tumor in rats induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene (Yu et al. 2006).
5.2.7 Bioactive Peptides from Marine Sources
Marine products are now considered internationally for their diversity in the production of biologically active substances.
Peptides obtained from marine organisms have revealed a novel outlook for
medicinal progress. In a study it was found that BAPs isolated from marine species
can serve as potential blockers of ion channel, toxic effect on cells as well as possess
antimicrobial action (De Vries and Beart 1995).
Sponges belonging to phylum porifera consist of 1000 miscellaneous species
which extend from the surface to the depth of the ocean. A focus has been given to
K. Mustafa et al.