631
from higher plants
beta-glucans (β-glucans),
45, 46
cellulose, 42, 47
glucomanan, 48
hemicelluloses, 48
pectins, 49, 51
from lower plants
marine macroalgae, 40–44
mushrooms, 44, 45
from microorganisms
dextran, 54, 55
xanthan gum, 55
hetero-polysaccharides, 40
homo-polysaccharides, 40
immunomodulatory properties, 60
immunostimulating properties, 62
pattern recognition receptors, 61
polysaccharide, 56, 57
polysaccharides, 68
prebiotics, 57–59
wound healing activity, 67
Bioactive carbohydrates
antioxidant activity, 59–60
Bioactive compounds, 254, 308, 327
anthocyanins, 250
carotenoids, 250
dietary fibers, 251
flavones, 250
flavonoids, 244
flavonols, 250
fruits and vegetables, 245–249
phenolic acids, 250
polyphenols, 244
prebiotics, 251
proteins, 251
super foods, 251
vitamins, 251
secondary metabolites, 241
Bioactive molecules
carbohydrates, 100
definition, 99
lipids
glycolipids, 100, 105
phospholipids, 100, 105
nucleic acid, 99
oils
cholesterol, 101
LDL, 106
LP, 105
steroids, 101
plants, 101–104
proteins, 99
Bioactive peptides (BAPs)
biological activities, 75, 91
definition, 75
proteins, 75
sources
activities, 78–79
collagen, 82, 83
dairy, 81, 82
egg, 85, 86
fungi, 90
hemoglobin, 84, 85
marine, 88–90
meat, 77 (see also Meat sources)
plant, 86–88
structural features, 76
Bioactive substance, 39
Bioavailability, 576
carotenoids, 575
green tea antioxidant, 581
minerals, 578
vitamins, 577
Biofood, 109
Biological activities, 325–326
Biological hazards, 617, 618
BIOPEP bioactive peptides, 122
Biotechnology, 3, 595
Biotin (Vitamin B7), 158
Blossom/nectar honey, 198
Bone-anchored supplements, 28
Bone formation, 483
Bone health, 482, 483
Bone metabolism, 483
Breast cancer
prevention, 484, 485
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 343
Butyric acid, 59
C
Caesalpinia pulcherrima, 488
Caesalpinioideae, 474
Calcium, 516, 517
Camphene (C 10 H 16 ), 102
Cancer
risk reduction, 483, 484
Carbohydrates, 39, 531
fructose, 549
maltose, 549
monosaccharides, 549
sucrose, 549
Carcinogenicity, 374
Cardio-protective activity, 431–433
Cardiovascular health, 487–490
Index
from higher plants
beta-glucans (β-glucans),
45, 46
cellulose, 42, 47
glucomanan, 48
hemicelluloses, 48
pectins, 49, 51
from lower plants
marine macroalgae, 40–44
mushrooms, 44, 45
from microorganisms
dextran, 54, 55
xanthan gum, 55
hetero-polysaccharides, 40
homo-polysaccharides, 40
immunomodulatory properties, 60
immunostimulating properties, 62
pattern recognition receptors, 61
polysaccharide, 56, 57
polysaccharides, 68
prebiotics, 57–59
wound healing activity, 67
Bioactive carbohydrates
antioxidant activity, 59–60
Bioactive compounds, 254, 308, 327
anthocyanins, 250
carotenoids, 250
dietary fibers, 251
flavones, 250
flavonoids, 244
flavonols, 250
fruits and vegetables, 245–249
phenolic acids, 250
polyphenols, 244
prebiotics, 251
proteins, 251
super foods, 251
vitamins, 251
secondary metabolites, 241
Bioactive molecules
carbohydrates, 100
definition, 99
lipids
glycolipids, 100, 105
phospholipids, 100, 105
nucleic acid, 99
oils
cholesterol, 101
LDL, 106
LP, 105
steroids, 101
plants, 101–104
proteins, 99
Bioactive peptides (BAPs)
biological activities, 75, 91
definition, 75
proteins, 75
sources
activities, 78–79
collagen, 82, 83
dairy, 81, 82
egg, 85, 86
fungi, 90
hemoglobin, 84, 85
marine, 88–90
meat, 77 (see also Meat sources)
plant, 86–88
structural features, 76
Bioactive substance, 39
Bioavailability, 576
carotenoids, 575
green tea antioxidant, 581
minerals, 578
vitamins, 577
Biofood, 109
Biological activities, 325–326
Biological hazards, 617, 618
BIOPEP bioactive peptides, 122
Biotechnology, 3, 595
Biotin (Vitamin B7), 158
Blossom/nectar honey, 198
Bone-anchored supplements, 28
Bone formation, 483
Bone health, 482, 483
Bone metabolism, 483
Breast cancer
prevention, 484, 485
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 343
Butyric acid, 59
C
Caesalpinia pulcherrima, 488
Caesalpinioideae, 474
Calcium, 516, 517
Camphene (C 10 H 16 ), 102
Cancer
risk reduction, 483, 484
Carbohydrates, 39, 531
fructose, 549
maltose, 549
monosaccharides, 549
sucrose, 549
Carcinogenicity, 374
Cardio-protective activity, 431–433
Cardiovascular health, 487–490
Index