497
these plants (Barreira et al. 2017). In addition, phytoestrogenic isoflavones extracted
from the leaves of Glycine max (soy beans) help to elevate the calcium and chloride
level in premenopausal women, which will eventually reduce the menopause-related
cardiovascular complications (Lu et al. 2018). Moreover, it has been reported that
the isoflavone-containing protein extracted from the leaves of G. max proves to be
significant in improving the vascular function, cholesterol efflux and blood markers,
along with a slight increase in blood pressure, among adult patients with cardiovascular disease risks (Richter et al. 2017). Furthermore, isoflavones were also extracted
from the leaves of lotus species such as Lotus conimbricensis which acts as a cure
for age related cardiovascular disease (Visnevschi-Necrasov et al. 2016), L. polyphyllos to extract lupinalbins and genistin type of isoflavones to prevent cardiac
diseases (Osman et al. 2015) and the genome present in L. japonicus uplift the production of isoflavones in leaves and exhibited unique mechanism to prevent cardiovascular illness (Takos and Rook 2014). It is noteworthy from all these reports that
the leaves of T. pratense (red clove) and Glycine max (soy bean) are widely used to
extract isoflavones, which exhibits improved cardiovascular effects depending on
their available combination and quantities.
22.6.2 Root Extracts
Similar to leaves, phytochemical extracts of roots from plants that belong to
Fabaceae family contains large quantities of isoflavones and are beneficial in the
treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The root extracts of Eriosema kraussianum
have been reported to possess two significant pyrano-isoflavone. These unique isoflavones are injected into hyperglycemic rat, which reduced their glycemic condition depending on the dose. Further, high concentration of these phytocompounds
leads to biphasic effects towards portal veins of rats and long-lasting relaxation of
venous muscle strips. This study proved that the root extract of pyrano-isoflavone
helps in reducing and preventing hyperglycemia related cardiovascular complications (Ojewole et al. 2006). Likewise, the root extracts of Millettia griffoniana
yielded a unique isoflavone named griffonianone C and are proved to alter the
expression of various genes that are responsive to estrogen in the vena cava of
ovariectomized rats. These isoflavones can be useful in preventing women with
menopause-mediated cardiovascular diseases (Wanda et al. 2010). Moreover, the
root extracts of Radix astragali are reported to contain calycosin, which is an
O-methylated isoflavone, as a major bioactive chemical. These isoflavones are
widely useful in the treatment of inflammation, cancer, stroke and cardiovascular
diseases (Gao et al. 2014). In addition, the root extracts of Pueraria lobata contain
large quantities of isoflavones, which exhibited improved anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant activities which will be beneficial in reducing cardiovascular complications (Jin et al. 2012). In recent times, the root extracts of Trifolium pratense
22 Health Benefits of Isoflavones Found Exclusively of Plants of the Fabaceae Family
these plants (Barreira et al. 2017). In addition, phytoestrogenic isoflavones extracted
from the leaves of Glycine max (soy beans) help to elevate the calcium and chloride
level in premenopausal women, which will eventually reduce the menopause-related
cardiovascular complications (Lu et al. 2018). Moreover, it has been reported that
the isoflavone-containing protein extracted from the leaves of G. max proves to be
significant in improving the vascular function, cholesterol efflux and blood markers,
along with a slight increase in blood pressure, among adult patients with cardiovascular disease risks (Richter et al. 2017). Furthermore, isoflavones were also extracted
from the leaves of lotus species such as Lotus conimbricensis which acts as a cure
for age related cardiovascular disease (Visnevschi-Necrasov et al. 2016), L. polyphyllos to extract lupinalbins and genistin type of isoflavones to prevent cardiac
diseases (Osman et al. 2015) and the genome present in L. japonicus uplift the production of isoflavones in leaves and exhibited unique mechanism to prevent cardiovascular illness (Takos and Rook 2014). It is noteworthy from all these reports that
the leaves of T. pratense (red clove) and Glycine max (soy bean) are widely used to
extract isoflavones, which exhibits improved cardiovascular effects depending on
their available combination and quantities.
22.6.2 Root Extracts
Similar to leaves, phytochemical extracts of roots from plants that belong to
Fabaceae family contains large quantities of isoflavones and are beneficial in the
treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The root extracts of Eriosema kraussianum
have been reported to possess two significant pyrano-isoflavone. These unique isoflavones are injected into hyperglycemic rat, which reduced their glycemic condition depending on the dose. Further, high concentration of these phytocompounds
leads to biphasic effects towards portal veins of rats and long-lasting relaxation of
venous muscle strips. This study proved that the root extract of pyrano-isoflavone
helps in reducing and preventing hyperglycemia related cardiovascular complications (Ojewole et al. 2006). Likewise, the root extracts of Millettia griffoniana
yielded a unique isoflavone named griffonianone C and are proved to alter the
expression of various genes that are responsive to estrogen in the vena cava of
ovariectomized rats. These isoflavones can be useful in preventing women with
menopause-mediated cardiovascular diseases (Wanda et al. 2010). Moreover, the
root extracts of Radix astragali are reported to contain calycosin, which is an
O-methylated isoflavone, as a major bioactive chemical. These isoflavones are
widely useful in the treatment of inflammation, cancer, stroke and cardiovascular
diseases (Gao et al. 2014). In addition, the root extracts of Pueraria lobata contain
large quantities of isoflavones, which exhibited improved anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant activities which will be beneficial in reducing cardiovascular complications (Jin et al. 2012). In recent times, the root extracts of Trifolium pratense
22 Health Benefits of Isoflavones Found Exclusively of Plants of the Fabaceae Family