439
Jaswir I, Noviendri D, Hasrini RF, Octavianti F (2011) Carotenoids: sources, medicinal properties
and their application in food and nutraceutical industry. J Med Plant Res 5(33):7119–7131
Jezek P (2002) Possible physiological roles of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins-UCPn. Int J
Biochem Cell Bioll 34:1190–1206
Kaliora AC, Dedoussis GV, Schmidt H (2006) Dietary antioxidants in preventing atherogenesis.
Atherosclerosis 187:1–1
Kameji H, Mochizuki K, Miyoshi N, Goda T (2010) β-Carotene accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes inhibits the elevation of reactive oxygen species and the suppression of genes related to
insulin sensitivity induced by tumor necrosis factor-α. Nutrition 26:1151–1156
Kato M, Ikoma Y, Matsumoto H, Sugiura M, Hyodo H, Yano M (2004) Accumulation of carotenoids and expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes during maturation in Citrus fruit. Plant
Physiol 134:824–837
Kato M, Matsumoto H, Ikoma Y, Kuniga T, Nakajima N, Yoshida T, Yano M (2007) Accumulation
of carotenoids and expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes and carotenoid cleavage
Dioxygenase genes during fruit maturation in the juice sacs of ‘Tamami,’ ‘Kiyomi’ Tangor,
and ‘Wilking’ Mandarin. J Jpn Soc Hort Sci 76(2):103–111
Katyal T, Singh G, Budhiraja R, Sachdeva M (2013) Effect of lutein in development of experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 7:2953–2959
Kawada T, Kamei Y, Fujita A et al (2000) Carotenoids and retinoids as suppressors on adipocyte
differentiation via nuclear receptors. Biofactors 13:103–109
Khaw KT, Wareham N, Bingham S, Luben R, Welch A et al (2004) Association of hemoglobin A1c
with cardiovascular disease and mortality in adults: the European prospective investigation into
cancer in Norfolk. Ann Intern Med 141:413–420
Kim JY, Paik JK, Kim OY, Park HW, Lee JH, Jang Y (2011) Effects of lycopene supplementation on oxidative stress and markers of endothelial function in healthy men. Atherosclerosis
215:189–195
Kim DY, Vijayan D, Praveenkumar R et al (2016) Cell-wall disruption and lipid/astaxanthin
extraction from microalgae: Chlorella and Haematococcus. Bioresour Technol 199:300–310
Krinski NI (1992) Mechanism of action of biological antioxidants. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med
200:248–254
Lee SJ, Bai SK, Lee KS, Namkoong S, Na HJ, Ha KS, Kim YM (2003) Astaxanthin inhibits
nitric oxide production and inflammatory gene expression by suppressing I(kappa)B kinasedependent NF-kappaB activation. Mol Cells 16:97–105
Lehrke M, Lazar MA (2005) The many faces of PPARγ. Cell 123:993–999
Libby P (2002) Inflammation in ATS. Nature 420:86–74
Lichtenhaler HK (1987) Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes.
Method Enzymol 148:350–382
Liu CL, Huang YS, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K, Hu ML (2009) Inhibition of proliferation of hepatoma cell line by fucoxanthin in relation to cell cycle arrest and enhanced gap junctional intercellular communication. Chem Biol Interact 182:165–172
Lo HM, Tsai YJ, Du WY, Tsou CJ, Wu WB (2012) A naturally occurring carotenoid, lutein, reduces
PDGF and H(2)O(2) signaling and compromised migration in cultured vascular smooth muscle
cells. J Biomed Sci 19:18
Loguercio C, De Girolamo V, Federico A et al (2001) Relationship of blood trace elements to
liver damage, nutritional status, and oxidative stress in chronic nonalcoholic liver disease. Biol
Trace Elem Res 81:245–254
Lowel BB, S-Susullc V, Hamann A, Lawitts JA, Himma-Hagen J, Boyer BB, Kozak LP, Flier JS
(1993) Development of obesity in trabsgenic mice after genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue. Nature 366:740–742
Macedo RC, Bolin AP, Marin DP, Otton R (2010) Astaxanthin addition improves human neutrophils function: In vitro study. Eur J Nutr 49:447–457
20 Carotenoids as Functional Bioactive Compounds
Jaswir I, Noviendri D, Hasrini RF, Octavianti F (2011) Carotenoids: sources, medicinal properties
and their application in food and nutraceutical industry. J Med Plant Res 5(33):7119–7131
Jezek P (2002) Possible physiological roles of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins-UCPn. Int J
Biochem Cell Bioll 34:1190–1206
Kaliora AC, Dedoussis GV, Schmidt H (2006) Dietary antioxidants in preventing atherogenesis.
Atherosclerosis 187:1–1
Kameji H, Mochizuki K, Miyoshi N, Goda T (2010) β-Carotene accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes inhibits the elevation of reactive oxygen species and the suppression of genes related to
insulin sensitivity induced by tumor necrosis factor-α. Nutrition 26:1151–1156
Kato M, Ikoma Y, Matsumoto H, Sugiura M, Hyodo H, Yano M (2004) Accumulation of carotenoids and expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes during maturation in Citrus fruit. Plant
Physiol 134:824–837
Kato M, Matsumoto H, Ikoma Y, Kuniga T, Nakajima N, Yoshida T, Yano M (2007) Accumulation
of carotenoids and expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes and carotenoid cleavage
Dioxygenase genes during fruit maturation in the juice sacs of ‘Tamami,’ ‘Kiyomi’ Tangor,
and ‘Wilking’ Mandarin. J Jpn Soc Hort Sci 76(2):103–111
Katyal T, Singh G, Budhiraja R, Sachdeva M (2013) Effect of lutein in development of experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 7:2953–2959
Kawada T, Kamei Y, Fujita A et al (2000) Carotenoids and retinoids as suppressors on adipocyte
differentiation via nuclear receptors. Biofactors 13:103–109
Khaw KT, Wareham N, Bingham S, Luben R, Welch A et al (2004) Association of hemoglobin A1c
with cardiovascular disease and mortality in adults: the European prospective investigation into
cancer in Norfolk. Ann Intern Med 141:413–420
Kim JY, Paik JK, Kim OY, Park HW, Lee JH, Jang Y (2011) Effects of lycopene supplementation on oxidative stress and markers of endothelial function in healthy men. Atherosclerosis
215:189–195
Kim DY, Vijayan D, Praveenkumar R et al (2016) Cell-wall disruption and lipid/astaxanthin
extraction from microalgae: Chlorella and Haematococcus. Bioresour Technol 199:300–310
Krinski NI (1992) Mechanism of action of biological antioxidants. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med
200:248–254
Lee SJ, Bai SK, Lee KS, Namkoong S, Na HJ, Ha KS, Kim YM (2003) Astaxanthin inhibits
nitric oxide production and inflammatory gene expression by suppressing I(kappa)B kinasedependent NF-kappaB activation. Mol Cells 16:97–105
Lehrke M, Lazar MA (2005) The many faces of PPARγ. Cell 123:993–999
Libby P (2002) Inflammation in ATS. Nature 420:86–74
Lichtenhaler HK (1987) Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes.
Method Enzymol 148:350–382
Liu CL, Huang YS, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K, Hu ML (2009) Inhibition of proliferation of hepatoma cell line by fucoxanthin in relation to cell cycle arrest and enhanced gap junctional intercellular communication. Chem Biol Interact 182:165–172
Lo HM, Tsai YJ, Du WY, Tsou CJ, Wu WB (2012) A naturally occurring carotenoid, lutein, reduces
PDGF and H(2)O(2) signaling and compromised migration in cultured vascular smooth muscle
cells. J Biomed Sci 19:18
Loguercio C, De Girolamo V, Federico A et al (2001) Relationship of blood trace elements to
liver damage, nutritional status, and oxidative stress in chronic nonalcoholic liver disease. Biol
Trace Elem Res 81:245–254
Lowel BB, S-Susullc V, Hamann A, Lawitts JA, Himma-Hagen J, Boyer BB, Kozak LP, Flier JS
(1993) Development of obesity in trabsgenic mice after genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue. Nature 366:740–742
Macedo RC, Bolin AP, Marin DP, Otton R (2010) Astaxanthin addition improves human neutrophils function: In vitro study. Eur J Nutr 49:447–457
20 Carotenoids as Functional Bioactive Compounds