411
Mazid M, Khan TA, Mohammad F (2011) Role of secondary metabolites in defense mechanisms
of plants. Biol Med 3:232–249
Mazur WM, Duke JA, Wähälä K, Rasku S, Adlercreutz H (1998) Isoflavonoids and lignans in
legumes: nutritional and health aspects in humans. J Nutr Biochem 9(4):193–200
Mazza G (1995) Anthocyanins in grapes and grape products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 35:341–371
Meng XH, Liu C, Fan R, Zhu LF, Yang SX, Zhu HT, Wang D, Yang CR, Zhang YJ (2018)
Antioxidative flavan-3-ol dimers from the leaves of Camellia fangchengensis. J Agric Food
Chem 66:247–254
Middleton (1998) Middleton E Jr. Effect of plant flavonoids on immune and inflammatory cell
function. Adv Exp Med Biol 439:175–182
Mishima K, Kawamura H, Kawakami R, Shota IT, Inoue Y, Hirota T, Harada T, Sharmin T, Misumi
M, Suetsugu T, Mishima K (2015) Extraction of apigenin and luteolin from leaves of alfalfa
(Medicago sativa L.) using mixtures of liquid carbon dioxide and ethanol. Solvent Extr Res
Dev 22(2):177–186
Mishra A, Sharma AK, Kumar S, Saxena AK, Pandey AK (2013) Bauhinia variegated leaf extracts
exhibit considerable antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Biomed Res Int
2013:915436
Moharram FA, El Dib RAEM, Marzouk MS, El-Shenawy SM, Ibrahim HA (2017) New apigenin
glycoside, polyphenolic constituents, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of
Gaillardia grandiflora and Gaillardia pulchella aerial parts. Pharmacogn Mag 13:S244–S249
Moore JO, Wang Y, Stebbins WG, Gao D, Zhou X, Phelps R, Lebwohl M, Wei H (2006)
Photoprotective effect of isoflavone genistein on ultraviolet B-induced pyrimidine dimer formation and PCNA expression in human reconstituted skin and its implications in dermatology
and prevention of cutaneous carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 27:1627–1635
Morrison DK (2012) MAP kinase pathways. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 4:011–254
Mullen W, Archeveque MA, Edwards CA, Matsumoto H, Crozier A (2008) Bioavailability and
metabolism of orange juice flavanones in humans: impact of a full-fat yogurt. J Agric Food
Chem 56(23):11157–11164
Murota K, Terao J (2003) Antioxidative flavonoid quercetin: implication of its intestinal absorption
and metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 417(1):12–17
Oki T, Masuda M, Furuta S, Nishiba Y, Terahara N, Suda AI (2002) Involvement of anthocyanins
and other phenolic compounds in radical scavenging activity of purple-fleshed sweet potato
cultivars. J Food Sci 67:1752–1756
Okpuzor J, Ogbunugafor H, Kareem GK, Igwo-Ezikpe MN (2009) In vitro investigation of antioxidant phenolic compounds in extracts of Senna alata. Res J Phytochem 3:68–76
Olas B, Wachowicz B, Saluk-Juszczak J, Zieliński T, Kaca W, Buczyński A (2001) Antioxidant
activity of resveratrol in endotoxin-stimulated blood platelets. Cell Biol Toxicol 17(2):117–125
Ong KC, Khoo HE (1997) Biological effects of myricetin. Gen Pharmacol 29:121–126
Ovaskainen ML, Törrönen R, Koponen JM, Sinkko H, Hellström J, Reinivuo H (2008) Dietary
intake and major food sources of polyphenols in Finnish adults. J Nutr 138:562–566
Palsamy P, Subramanian S (2009) Modulatory effects of resveratrol on attenuating the key enzymes
activities of carbohydrate metabolism in Streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.
Chem Biol Interact 179(2):356–362
Pandey KB, Rizvi SI (2009) Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxidative Med Cell Longev 2:270–278
Park KD, Park YS, Cho SJ, Sun WS, Kim SH, Jung DH, Kim JH (2004) Antimicrobial activity of
3-OAcyl-(−)-Epicatechin and 3-O-acyl-(+)-Catechin derivatives. Planta Med 70(03):272–276
Pham-Huy LA, He H, Pham-Huy C (2008) Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and health. Int J
Biomed Sci 4:89–96
Pietta P, Minoggio M, Bramati L (2003) Plant polyphenols: structure, occurrence and bioactivity.
Stud Nat Pro Chem 28:257–312
19 Polyphenols: Classifications, Biosynthesis and Bioactivities
Mazid M, Khan TA, Mohammad F (2011) Role of secondary metabolites in defense mechanisms
of plants. Biol Med 3:232–249
Mazur WM, Duke JA, Wähälä K, Rasku S, Adlercreutz H (1998) Isoflavonoids and lignans in
legumes: nutritional and health aspects in humans. J Nutr Biochem 9(4):193–200
Mazza G (1995) Anthocyanins in grapes and grape products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 35:341–371
Meng XH, Liu C, Fan R, Zhu LF, Yang SX, Zhu HT, Wang D, Yang CR, Zhang YJ (2018)
Antioxidative flavan-3-ol dimers from the leaves of Camellia fangchengensis. J Agric Food
Chem 66:247–254
Middleton (1998) Middleton E Jr. Effect of plant flavonoids on immune and inflammatory cell
function. Adv Exp Med Biol 439:175–182
Mishima K, Kawamura H, Kawakami R, Shota IT, Inoue Y, Hirota T, Harada T, Sharmin T, Misumi
M, Suetsugu T, Mishima K (2015) Extraction of apigenin and luteolin from leaves of alfalfa
(Medicago sativa L.) using mixtures of liquid carbon dioxide and ethanol. Solvent Extr Res
Dev 22(2):177–186
Mishra A, Sharma AK, Kumar S, Saxena AK, Pandey AK (2013) Bauhinia variegated leaf extracts
exhibit considerable antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Biomed Res Int
2013:915436
Moharram FA, El Dib RAEM, Marzouk MS, El-Shenawy SM, Ibrahim HA (2017) New apigenin
glycoside, polyphenolic constituents, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of
Gaillardia grandiflora and Gaillardia pulchella aerial parts. Pharmacogn Mag 13:S244–S249
Moore JO, Wang Y, Stebbins WG, Gao D, Zhou X, Phelps R, Lebwohl M, Wei H (2006)
Photoprotective effect of isoflavone genistein on ultraviolet B-induced pyrimidine dimer formation and PCNA expression in human reconstituted skin and its implications in dermatology
and prevention of cutaneous carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 27:1627–1635
Morrison DK (2012) MAP kinase pathways. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 4:011–254
Mullen W, Archeveque MA, Edwards CA, Matsumoto H, Crozier A (2008) Bioavailability and
metabolism of orange juice flavanones in humans: impact of a full-fat yogurt. J Agric Food
Chem 56(23):11157–11164
Murota K, Terao J (2003) Antioxidative flavonoid quercetin: implication of its intestinal absorption
and metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 417(1):12–17
Oki T, Masuda M, Furuta S, Nishiba Y, Terahara N, Suda AI (2002) Involvement of anthocyanins
and other phenolic compounds in radical scavenging activity of purple-fleshed sweet potato
cultivars. J Food Sci 67:1752–1756
Okpuzor J, Ogbunugafor H, Kareem GK, Igwo-Ezikpe MN (2009) In vitro investigation of antioxidant phenolic compounds in extracts of Senna alata. Res J Phytochem 3:68–76
Olas B, Wachowicz B, Saluk-Juszczak J, Zieliński T, Kaca W, Buczyński A (2001) Antioxidant
activity of resveratrol in endotoxin-stimulated blood platelets. Cell Biol Toxicol 17(2):117–125
Ong KC, Khoo HE (1997) Biological effects of myricetin. Gen Pharmacol 29:121–126
Ovaskainen ML, Törrönen R, Koponen JM, Sinkko H, Hellström J, Reinivuo H (2008) Dietary
intake and major food sources of polyphenols in Finnish adults. J Nutr 138:562–566
Palsamy P, Subramanian S (2009) Modulatory effects of resveratrol on attenuating the key enzymes
activities of carbohydrate metabolism in Streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.
Chem Biol Interact 179(2):356–362
Pandey KB, Rizvi SI (2009) Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxidative Med Cell Longev 2:270–278
Park KD, Park YS, Cho SJ, Sun WS, Kim SH, Jung DH, Kim JH (2004) Antimicrobial activity of
3-OAcyl-(−)-Epicatechin and 3-O-acyl-(+)-Catechin derivatives. Planta Med 70(03):272–276
Pham-Huy LA, He H, Pham-Huy C (2008) Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and health. Int J
Biomed Sci 4:89–96
Pietta P, Minoggio M, Bramati L (2003) Plant polyphenols: structure, occurrence and bioactivity.
Stud Nat Pro Chem 28:257–312
19 Polyphenols: Classifications, Biosynthesis and Bioactivities