363
chrysophanol with antioxidant properties. Thus, these extracts can be beneficial in
reducing blood sugar and other diabetes related complications (Abdissa et al. 2017).
Moreover, the root extract of A. vera is reported to contain two unique anthraquinones namely aloesaponarin-I and II, and six of their derivatives were obtained by
acetylation, O-glycosyl reactions and methylation along with a novel tetra-O-acetylβ-D-glucopyranosyl derivative. All these novel derivatives and phytocompounds
will be beneficial in triggering insulin secretion, reduce blood glucose level and
reverse diabetes complications (Borges-Argáez et al. 2019). However, there are a
smaller number of literatures that are available on the root extracts of plants that
belong to genus Aloe, as these plants are mostly succulent, and they contain less
concentration of phytochemicals that can be extracted. Even though, they contain
less concentration, the phytochemicals present in root extracts are similar to leaf
extracts and thus they exhibited antidiabetic activity.
18.5.9.3 Flower Extracts
Flowers are another exclusive part in the plants of the genus Aloe from where the
phytochemicals can be extracted. It has been reported that the phytochemicals
extracted from the flowers of A. barbadensis contain anthraquinone such as aloeemodin and aloin are proposed to be beneficial for their antidiabetic effects (2007).
Likewise, the dried flower extracts were obtained from A. barbadensis which was
analysed and identified to contain caffeic, caffeoylshikimic, chlorogenic,
5-p- coumaroylquinic, 5-p-cis-coumaroylquinic, 5-feruloylquinic, ferulic acid,
p-coumarin, apigenin, luteolin, isoorientin, saponarin, kaelpferol, 7-O-glucosides
and lutonarin. In addition, they also contain anthranoids such as aloe-emodin, glycosylchromone aloeresin B, Aloin A and B along with polyphenols and flavonoids.
The combination of all these phytocompounds in synergistic effect can lead to a
reduction in the blood glucose level, elevates the production of insulin and reverses
insulin resistance to exhibit improved antidiabetic activity (Keyhanian and StahlBiskup 2007). Moreover, the skin and flower of A. vera was used to extract phytochemicals via methanol as solvent. It is noteworthy that the flower extract contains
phenolic compounds such as gentisic acid, quercitrin and epicatechin. These phytocompounds are proved to highly significant as an antioxidant agent which will eventually help in the inhibition of diabetic cells and proliferation of normal cells (López
et al. 2013). Furthermore, the flower extract of A. vera has been reported to possess
anti- inflammatory effects due to the combination of extracted phytochemicals,
which will also be beneficial in their antidiabetic effects (Vazquez et al. 1996,
Nejatzadeh- Barandozi and Enferadi 2012). Polysaccharides from A. arborescens
are extracted from the skin juice, gel juice and flowers via ethanol precipitation,
where the polysaccharides from the flowers are reported to be weakly acidic in
nature. The result also showed that the extracted polysaccharides contain glucose,
galactose, glucuronic acid, mannose and xylose. Thus, these sugar molecules can be
beneficial for diabetic patients, which will be an easily soluble sugar that can be
converted into ATP with less concentration of insulin (Chang et al. 2011). In recent
18 Aloe Species as Valuable Sources of Functional Bioactives
chrysophanol with antioxidant properties. Thus, these extracts can be beneficial in
reducing blood sugar and other diabetes related complications (Abdissa et al. 2017).
Moreover, the root extract of A. vera is reported to contain two unique anthraquinones namely aloesaponarin-I and II, and six of their derivatives were obtained by
acetylation, O-glycosyl reactions and methylation along with a novel tetra-O-acetylβ-D-glucopyranosyl derivative. All these novel derivatives and phytocompounds
will be beneficial in triggering insulin secretion, reduce blood glucose level and
reverse diabetes complications (Borges-Argáez et al. 2019). However, there are a
smaller number of literatures that are available on the root extracts of plants that
belong to genus Aloe, as these plants are mostly succulent, and they contain less
concentration of phytochemicals that can be extracted. Even though, they contain
less concentration, the phytochemicals present in root extracts are similar to leaf
extracts and thus they exhibited antidiabetic activity.
18.5.9.3 Flower Extracts
Flowers are another exclusive part in the plants of the genus Aloe from where the
phytochemicals can be extracted. It has been reported that the phytochemicals
extracted from the flowers of A. barbadensis contain anthraquinone such as aloeemodin and aloin are proposed to be beneficial for their antidiabetic effects (2007).
Likewise, the dried flower extracts were obtained from A. barbadensis which was
analysed and identified to contain caffeic, caffeoylshikimic, chlorogenic,
5-p- coumaroylquinic, 5-p-cis-coumaroylquinic, 5-feruloylquinic, ferulic acid,
p-coumarin, apigenin, luteolin, isoorientin, saponarin, kaelpferol, 7-O-glucosides
and lutonarin. In addition, they also contain anthranoids such as aloe-emodin, glycosylchromone aloeresin B, Aloin A and B along with polyphenols and flavonoids.
The combination of all these phytocompounds in synergistic effect can lead to a
reduction in the blood glucose level, elevates the production of insulin and reverses
insulin resistance to exhibit improved antidiabetic activity (Keyhanian and StahlBiskup 2007). Moreover, the skin and flower of A. vera was used to extract phytochemicals via methanol as solvent. It is noteworthy that the flower extract contains
phenolic compounds such as gentisic acid, quercitrin and epicatechin. These phytocompounds are proved to highly significant as an antioxidant agent which will eventually help in the inhibition of diabetic cells and proliferation of normal cells (López
et al. 2013). Furthermore, the flower extract of A. vera has been reported to possess
anti- inflammatory effects due to the combination of extracted phytochemicals,
which will also be beneficial in their antidiabetic effects (Vazquez et al. 1996,
Nejatzadeh- Barandozi and Enferadi 2012). Polysaccharides from A. arborescens
are extracted from the skin juice, gel juice and flowers via ethanol precipitation,
where the polysaccharides from the flowers are reported to be weakly acidic in
nature. The result also showed that the extracted polysaccharides contain glucose,
galactose, glucuronic acid, mannose and xylose. Thus, these sugar molecules can be
beneficial for diabetic patients, which will be an easily soluble sugar that can be
converted into ATP with less concentration of insulin (Chang et al. 2011). In recent
18 Aloe Species as Valuable Sources of Functional Bioactives