194
hydroxyl- methyl- glutaryl-Coenzyme-A reductase in liver and conversion of cholesterol into bile acid and enzymatic deconjugation of bile acid. In this deconjugation,
bile acid enters into the intestine, then excreted in the faeces resulting in decrease in
the serum cholesterol level.
10.8 Conclusion
Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics help maintain eubiosis in the gut microflora.
They play a major role in improving the health status of the host individual by modifying gut pH, antagonizing pathogens through the production of antimicrobial compounds, competing for pathogen binding and receptor sites and stimulating
immunomodulatory cells. The probiotic needs food and the prebiotic fuel for its
perfect survival in the GIT. Synbiotic i.e., using both prebiotic and probiotic,
increases the beneficial effects on the host’s cell. The use of probiotics, prebiotics
and synbiotics on certain diseased states like diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular
diseases, hypertension and cancer have been the subject of extensive research until
now. Probiotics can be an adjuvant treatment to various types of gastrointestinal
disorders like diarrhea, C. difficile colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and inflammatory bowel disease. The use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics hold the promise of improving outcomes in treatment of illnesses. However, an increased
understanding of their role in these disease states is important for the development
of medicine directed mostly to diet modification. As Hippocrates would put it, “Let
food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.”
References
Anadón A, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Arés I, Martínez MA (2016) Prebiotics and probiotics: an
assessment of their safety and health benefits. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Bioactive
foods in health promotion. Elsevier, San Diego, pp 3–23
Antony S, Ponce de Leon M (2018) Probiotics and its relationship with the cardiovascular system.
https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75077
Anukam KC, Reid G (2007) Probiotics: 100 years (1907–2007) after Elie Metchnikoff’s observation. Communicating current research and educational topics and trends in applied microbiology 1:466–474
Azad AK, Sarker M, Li T, Yin J (2018) Probiotic species in the modulation of Gut Microbiota: an
overview. BioMed Res Int 2018: 9478630, 8 p. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9478630
Bandyopadhyay B, Mandal N (2014) Probiotics, prebiotics and Synbiotics-in health improvement
by modulating gut microbiota: Нe concept revisited. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 3:410–420
Behnsen J, Deriu E, Sassone-Corsi M, Raffatellu M (2013) Probiotics: properties, examples, and
specific applications. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 3:a010074
Campbell A (2017) Probiotics and diabetes: can probiotics help? Diabetes Self-Management
https://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/blog/probiotics-diabetes-can-probiotics-help/
Canny GO, McCormick BA (2008) Bacteria in the intestine, helpful residents or enemies from
within? Infect Immun 76(8):3360–3373
S. Palai et al.
hydroxyl- methyl- glutaryl-Coenzyme-A reductase in liver and conversion of cholesterol into bile acid and enzymatic deconjugation of bile acid. In this deconjugation,
bile acid enters into the intestine, then excreted in the faeces resulting in decrease in
the serum cholesterol level.
10.8 Conclusion
Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics help maintain eubiosis in the gut microflora.
They play a major role in improving the health status of the host individual by modifying gut pH, antagonizing pathogens through the production of antimicrobial compounds, competing for pathogen binding and receptor sites and stimulating
immunomodulatory cells. The probiotic needs food and the prebiotic fuel for its
perfect survival in the GIT. Synbiotic i.e., using both prebiotic and probiotic,
increases the beneficial effects on the host’s cell. The use of probiotics, prebiotics
and synbiotics on certain diseased states like diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular
diseases, hypertension and cancer have been the subject of extensive research until
now. Probiotics can be an adjuvant treatment to various types of gastrointestinal
disorders like diarrhea, C. difficile colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and inflammatory bowel disease. The use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics hold the promise of improving outcomes in treatment of illnesses. However, an increased
understanding of their role in these disease states is important for the development
of medicine directed mostly to diet modification. As Hippocrates would put it, “Let
food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.”
References
Anadón A, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Arés I, Martínez MA (2016) Prebiotics and probiotics: an
assessment of their safety and health benefits. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Bioactive
foods in health promotion. Elsevier, San Diego, pp 3–23
Antony S, Ponce de Leon M (2018) Probiotics and its relationship with the cardiovascular system.
https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75077
Anukam KC, Reid G (2007) Probiotics: 100 years (1907–2007) after Elie Metchnikoff’s observation. Communicating current research and educational topics and trends in applied microbiology 1:466–474
Azad AK, Sarker M, Li T, Yin J (2018) Probiotic species in the modulation of Gut Microbiota: an
overview. BioMed Res Int 2018: 9478630, 8 p. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9478630
Bandyopadhyay B, Mandal N (2014) Probiotics, prebiotics and Synbiotics-in health improvement
by modulating gut microbiota: Нe concept revisited. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 3:410–420
Behnsen J, Deriu E, Sassone-Corsi M, Raffatellu M (2013) Probiotics: properties, examples, and
specific applications. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 3:a010074
Campbell A (2017) Probiotics and diabetes: can probiotics help? Diabetes Self-Management
https://www.diabetesselfmanagement.com/blog/probiotics-diabetes-can-probiotics-help/
Canny GO, McCormick BA (2008) Bacteria in the intestine, helpful residents or enemies from
within? Infect Immun 76(8):3360–3373
S. Palai et al.