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Bifidobacterium species had more circulating immunoglobulin (Ig) A-secreting and
IgM-secreting cells. Bacteria in breast milk and microbes in amniotic fluid potentially may affect the composition of gut microbiota. Gut microbiota stimulates the
TH1, TH3, and T regulatory cells, which can balance the IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
secreted by TH2 cells in atopic diseases like allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma and
atopic eczema. Lactobacillus GG in combination with Bacillus lactis during pregnancy and breastfeeding reduced the risk of atopic eczema and allergic sensitization
in child (Behnsen et al. 2013).
10.7.8 Clostridium difficile Infections (CDI)
Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium
which causes gastrointestinal infection. Main symptoms are diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis which are often fatal. Saccharomyces boulardii produces serine
protease for degradation of the colonic receptor site for Clostridium difficile and
reducing Clostridium difficile toxin A and B. Vancomycin or metronidazole minimise infection but in combination with Saccharomyces boulardii reduce CDI.
10.7.9 Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
NEC is an important disease in premature babies characterised by severe intestinal
inflammation and necrosis and it is inversely related to gestational age and birth
weight. Pathogenesis of this disease depends upon the colonisation pattern of the
bacteria. It has been revealed that Enterobacteriaceae, delta toxin positive methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium spp are the main causative bacteria. A combination of probiotics species like Bifidusbacterium spp. and
Lactobacillus acidophilus are most effective to minimise the NEC.
10.7.10 High Blood Pressure
Consumption of milk supplemented with Lactobacillus strains reduces blood pressure
due to the Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors produced during fermentation.
10.7.11 Cardiovascular Diseases
Probiotics consumption can reduce serum cholesterol levels. Probiotics involve in
lipid metabolism are Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bacillus coagulans. The lowering of cholesterol level by probiotics is due to reduction in
10 Prebiotics, Probiotics, Synbiotics and Its Importance in the Management of Diseases
Bifidobacterium species had more circulating immunoglobulin (Ig) A-secreting and
IgM-secreting cells. Bacteria in breast milk and microbes in amniotic fluid potentially may affect the composition of gut microbiota. Gut microbiota stimulates the
TH1, TH3, and T regulatory cells, which can balance the IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
secreted by TH2 cells in atopic diseases like allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma and
atopic eczema. Lactobacillus GG in combination with Bacillus lactis during pregnancy and breastfeeding reduced the risk of atopic eczema and allergic sensitization
in child (Behnsen et al. 2013).
10.7.8 Clostridium difficile Infections (CDI)
Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium
which causes gastrointestinal infection. Main symptoms are diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis which are often fatal. Saccharomyces boulardii produces serine
protease for degradation of the colonic receptor site for Clostridium difficile and
reducing Clostridium difficile toxin A and B. Vancomycin or metronidazole minimise infection but in combination with Saccharomyces boulardii reduce CDI.
10.7.9 Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)
NEC is an important disease in premature babies characterised by severe intestinal
inflammation and necrosis and it is inversely related to gestational age and birth
weight. Pathogenesis of this disease depends upon the colonisation pattern of the
bacteria. It has been revealed that Enterobacteriaceae, delta toxin positive methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium spp are the main causative bacteria. A combination of probiotics species like Bifidusbacterium spp. and
Lactobacillus acidophilus are most effective to minimise the NEC.
10.7.10 High Blood Pressure
Consumption of milk supplemented with Lactobacillus strains reduces blood pressure
due to the Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors produced during fermentation.
10.7.11 Cardiovascular Diseases
Probiotics consumption can reduce serum cholesterol levels. Probiotics involve in
lipid metabolism are Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bacillus coagulans. The lowering of cholesterol level by probiotics is due to reduction in
10 Prebiotics, Probiotics, Synbiotics and Its Importance in the Management of Diseases