132
are uncertain conflicts which dilate the acceptance of GMOs, like the advent of
domestic labeling and traceability requirements for food imports, which seriously
inhibit the use of GM crops in exporting countries even where those crops are consumed internally or exported to third countries. In addition to this is the dramatic
increase in food prices which has boosted the interest in the production of GMO
crop varieties which led to some softening of regulatory restrictions and consumer
attitudes in Europe and some developing countries. New proteins require the development of new value chains and attention to issues such as production costs, food
safety, scalability and consumer acceptance. Positive impact on the environment is
important and cannot be assumed only as a new source of protein. Care should be
taken to ensure that the novel and existing protein source is compared. Greater convergence of political forces and involvement of broader stakeholders in the role of
management, as well as the role of development/commercialization, it is required to
refer to both sources of protein and ensure food safety.
References
Abete I, Romaguera D, Vieira AR, de Munain AL, Norat T (2014) Association between total,
processed, red and white meat consumption and all-cause, CVD and IHD mortality: a metaanalysis of cohort studies. Br J Nutr 112:762–775
Adedayo MR, Ajiboye EA, Akintunde JK, Odaibo A (2011) Single cell proteins as nutritional
enhancer. Adv Appl Sci Res 2(5):396–409
Anonymous (2018a). http://biotechnologia.pl/biotechnologia/lodzcy-biotechnolodzy-stworzabialko-roslinne-ktore-moze-podbic-globalny-rynek, 16952
Anonymous, Forum for the Future (2018b) The future of protein: the protein challenge 2040.
Shaping the future of food. Available online: https://www.forumforthefuture.org/sites/default/
files/TheProteinChallenge2040SummaryReport.pdf. Accessed on 23 Apr 2018
Austin GL, Ogden LG, Hill JO (2011) Trends in carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes and association with energy intake in normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals: 1971–2006. Am
J Clin Nutr 93:836–843
Ayadi Rosentrater FY, Muthukumarappan K (2012) Alternative protein sources for aquaculture
feeds. J Aquac Feed Sci Nutr 4(1):1–26. https://doi.org/10.3923/joafsnu.2012.1.26
Bąk B, Wilde J (2002) Bee’s bee – an unconventional source of animal protein. Sci Bull
18:229–237. (in Polish)
Banjo AD, Lawal OA, Adeyemi AI (2006) The microbial fauna associated with the larvae of
Oryctes Monoceros. J Appl Sci Res 2:837–843
Bartkowicz J (2017) Tri-city consumers attitudes towards eating edible insect as an alternative
source of food. Handel Wewnętrzny 1(366):156–166
Becker EW (2007) Micro-algae as a source of protein. Biotechnol Adv 25:207–210
Bleakley S, Hayes M (2017) Algal proteins: extraction, application, and challenges concerning
production. Foods 6:33. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods6050033. p 34
Boczek J, Pruszyński S (2013) Insects in human and pet nutrition. Advice Issues Agric 3:98–107.
(in Polish)
Bradley S, Folkes BF (1976) Cereal grains: their protein components and nutritional quality. Sci
Prog Oxf 63:241–263
Brenner BM, Meyer TW, Hostetter TH (1982) Dietary protein intake and the progressive nature of
kidney disease: the role of hemodynamically mediated glomerular injury in the pathogenesis
B. Sawicka et al.
are uncertain conflicts which dilate the acceptance of GMOs, like the advent of
domestic labeling and traceability requirements for food imports, which seriously
inhibit the use of GM crops in exporting countries even where those crops are consumed internally or exported to third countries. In addition to this is the dramatic
increase in food prices which has boosted the interest in the production of GMO
crop varieties which led to some softening of regulatory restrictions and consumer
attitudes in Europe and some developing countries. New proteins require the development of new value chains and attention to issues such as production costs, food
safety, scalability and consumer acceptance. Positive impact on the environment is
important and cannot be assumed only as a new source of protein. Care should be
taken to ensure that the novel and existing protein source is compared. Greater convergence of political forces and involvement of broader stakeholders in the role of
management, as well as the role of development/commercialization, it is required to
refer to both sources of protein and ensure food safety.
References
Abete I, Romaguera D, Vieira AR, de Munain AL, Norat T (2014) Association between total,
processed, red and white meat consumption and all-cause, CVD and IHD mortality: a metaanalysis of cohort studies. Br J Nutr 112:762–775
Adedayo MR, Ajiboye EA, Akintunde JK, Odaibo A (2011) Single cell proteins as nutritional
enhancer. Adv Appl Sci Res 2(5):396–409
Anonymous (2018a). http://biotechnologia.pl/biotechnologia/lodzcy-biotechnolodzy-stworzabialko-roslinne-ktore-moze-podbic-globalny-rynek, 16952
Anonymous, Forum for the Future (2018b) The future of protein: the protein challenge 2040.
Shaping the future of food. Available online: https://www.forumforthefuture.org/sites/default/
files/TheProteinChallenge2040SummaryReport.pdf. Accessed on 23 Apr 2018
Austin GL, Ogden LG, Hill JO (2011) Trends in carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes and association with energy intake in normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals: 1971–2006. Am
J Clin Nutr 93:836–843
Ayadi Rosentrater FY, Muthukumarappan K (2012) Alternative protein sources for aquaculture
feeds. J Aquac Feed Sci Nutr 4(1):1–26. https://doi.org/10.3923/joafsnu.2012.1.26
Bąk B, Wilde J (2002) Bee’s bee – an unconventional source of animal protein. Sci Bull
18:229–237. (in Polish)
Banjo AD, Lawal OA, Adeyemi AI (2006) The microbial fauna associated with the larvae of
Oryctes Monoceros. J Appl Sci Res 2:837–843
Bartkowicz J (2017) Tri-city consumers attitudes towards eating edible insect as an alternative
source of food. Handel Wewnętrzny 1(366):156–166
Becker EW (2007) Micro-algae as a source of protein. Biotechnol Adv 25:207–210
Bleakley S, Hayes M (2017) Algal proteins: extraction, application, and challenges concerning
production. Foods 6:33. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods6050033. p 34
Boczek J, Pruszyński S (2013) Insects in human and pet nutrition. Advice Issues Agric 3:98–107.
(in Polish)
Bradley S, Folkes BF (1976) Cereal grains: their protein components and nutritional quality. Sci
Prog Oxf 63:241–263
Brenner BM, Meyer TW, Hostetter TH (1982) Dietary protein intake and the progressive nature of
kidney disease: the role of hemodynamically mediated glomerular injury in the pathogenesis
B. Sawicka et al.