of wealth (GVA) and taxes to the central government (Tax). Shortly, the aim is to
carry out a comprehensive analysis of the contribution of the bioeconomy in multiple
aspects so as to nourish the debate on this topic, and not only to focus its analysis on
a specific indicator.
The calculation for each indicator is determined by the double sum presented
below in Eq. (3.5a), which considers the five segments of the bioeconomy
(Table 3.5), as well as the contribution factors from Table 3.1. Equations 3.5b and
3.5c are equivalent representations of Eq. 3.5a. The bioeconomic segments are
denoted by the k subindex and the economic sectors by the ij subindexes. Therefore,
the ijk coordinates represent an economic sector within the segments of the
bioeconomy. This method quantifies the contribution of the segments first, in
order to quantify the contribution of the bioeconomy as a whole by means of a
general summation. For example, the generation of employment is calculated for the
bioagriculture, animal bioindustry, crop bioindustry, manufacturing bioindustry, and
bioenergy sectors, where the total sum would imply the generation of employment in
Ecuador related to the bioeconomy.
Indicator ¼
X 5
k¼1
X n
i¼1 j¼1
Variable ijk  Factor ijk
ð3:5aÞ
Indicator ¼
v ij1
⋮
v nn1
0
B
@
1
C
A
T
F ij1
⋮
F nn1
0
B
@
1
C
A
zfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl}|fflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl{
Bioagriculture
þ
v ij2
⋮
v nn2
0
B
@
1
C
A
T
F i2
⋮
F n2
0
B
@
1
C
A
zfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl}|fflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl{
Animal Bioindustry
þ
v ij3
⋮
v nn3
0
B
@
1
C
A
T
F ij3
⋮
F nn3
0
B
@
1
C
A
zfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl}|fflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl{
Crop Bioindustry
þ
v ij4
⋮
v nn4
0
B
@
1
C
A
T
F ij4
⋮
F nn4
0
B
@
1
C
A
zfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl}|fflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl{
Biomanufacture
þ
v ij5
⋮
v nn5
0
B
@
1
C
A
T
F ij5
⋮
F nn5
0
B
@
1
C
A
zfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl}|fflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl{
Bioenergy
ð3:5bÞ
Indicator ¼ V 1 • F 1 þ V 2 • F 2 þ V 3 • F 3 þ V 4 • F 4 þ V 5 • F 5
ð3:5cÞ
Table 3.6 Variables used to estimate the contribution of the bioeconomy
Aspect
Indicators
Nomenclature
Labour and salary
Jobs generated
Total wage bill
Emp.
Sal
Production and consumption
Total production
Intermediate consumption
TP
IC
Growth and taxes
Gross value added
Taxes on production
GVA
Tax
52
D. Ortega-Pacheco et al.
carry out a comprehensive analysis of the contribution of the bioeconomy in multiple
aspects so as to nourish the debate on this topic, and not only to focus its analysis on
a specific indicator.
The calculation for each indicator is determined by the double sum presented
below in Eq. (3.5a), which considers the five segments of the bioeconomy
(Table 3.5), as well as the contribution factors from Table 3.1. Equations 3.5b and
3.5c are equivalent representations of Eq. 3.5a. The bioeconomic segments are
denoted by the k subindex and the economic sectors by the ij subindexes. Therefore,
the ijk coordinates represent an economic sector within the segments of the
bioeconomy. This method quantifies the contribution of the segments first, in
order to quantify the contribution of the bioeconomy as a whole by means of a
general summation. For example, the generation of employment is calculated for the
bioagriculture, animal bioindustry, crop bioindustry, manufacturing bioindustry, and
bioenergy sectors, where the total sum would imply the generation of employment in
Ecuador related to the bioeconomy.
Indicator ¼
X 5
k¼1
X n
i¼1 j¼1
Variable ijk  Factor ijk
ð3:5aÞ
Indicator ¼
v ij1
⋮
v nn1
0
B
@
1
C
A
T
F ij1
⋮
F nn1
0
B
@
1
C
A
zfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl}|fflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl{
Bioagriculture
þ
v ij2
⋮
v nn2
0
B
@
1
C
A
T
F i2
⋮
F n2
0
B
@
1
C
A
zfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl}|fflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl{
Animal Bioindustry
þ
v ij3
⋮
v nn3
0
B
@
1
C
A
T
F ij3
⋮
F nn3
0
B
@
1
C
A
zfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl}|fflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl{
Crop Bioindustry
þ
v ij4
⋮
v nn4
0
B
@
1
C
A
T
F ij4
⋮
F nn4
0
B
@
1
C
A
zfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl}|fflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl{
Biomanufacture
þ
v ij5
⋮
v nn5
0
B
@
1
C
A
T
F ij5
⋮
F nn5
0
B
@
1
C
A
zfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl}|fflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl{
Bioenergy
ð3:5bÞ
Indicator ¼ V 1 • F 1 þ V 2 • F 2 þ V 3 • F 3 þ V 4 • F 4 þ V 5 • F 5
ð3:5cÞ
Table 3.6 Variables used to estimate the contribution of the bioeconomy
Aspect
Indicators
Nomenclature
Labour and salary
Jobs generated
Total wage bill
Emp.
Sal
Production and consumption
Total production
Intermediate consumption
TP
IC
Growth and taxes
Gross value added
Taxes on production
GVA
Tax
52
D. Ortega-Pacheco et al.