15.2.4 Estimation of K Inflow from Various Sources
K inflow kg per year
ð
Þ¼K IN,t þ K LM,t þ K CM,t þ K CR,t þ K SB,t þ K RN,t
þ K IR,t
ð15:6Þ
where K IN , K LM , K CM , K CR , K SB , K RN and K IR are additions of potassium (kg per
year) through fertilizers, livestock manure, compost, crop residue, rice straw burning, rain and irrigation, respectively. Murate of potash and complex fertilizers are the
major sources of total K to soil (Pathak 2010; Paramasivam et al. 2017).
K inflow from livestock manure (K LM ) was assessed by using the equation given
by Pathak (2010).
N LM,t ¼ Σ Τ N T Ã N ex T
ð Þ
À
Á Ã 1 À LM FL,t þ LM CL,t þ LM CN,t
ð
Þ
½
ð 15:7Þ
where “T implies the number of the defined livestock group as cattle, buffalo, sheep
and goat; K T is the number of livestock in each group from each district; K ex(T ) is the
annual average K excretion (kg per year) per head for each livestock group; and
LM FL , LM CL and LM CN are the fractions of livestock manure that are burnt as fuel,
used for construction and lost during collection, respectively” (Paramasivam et al.
2017). “Contribution of animal urine towards K addition was not included in the
study because almost all urine is lost from the cattle-shed before and during
collection and negligible amount is recycled into agricultural fields. For the present
study, cow, buffalo, goat and sheep manures were considered for the estimation”
(Pathak 2010; Paramasivam et al. 2017). Source of data and crops for calibrating in
the present analysis are given in Tables 15.1 and 15.2. It is noted that the present
estimation ignored some sources of inputs such as compost, crop residue, rice straw
burning, rain and irrigation due to data inadequacy in the study area.
Table 15.1 Details of selected crops
Agricultural crops
Horticultural crops
Cereals
Pulses
Oil seeds
Fruits
Vegetables
Paddy
Green gram
Ground nut
Banana
Tomato
Sorghum
Black gram
Sesame
Mango
Ladies finger
Cumbu
Bengal gram
Coconut
Lemon
Brinjal
Ragi
Red gram
Castor
Cashew nut
Tapioca
Maize
Horse gram
Sunflower
Spices
Onion
Thenai
Cow pea
Soybean
Turmeric
Sweet potato
Samai
Mochai
Fibre
Chilly
Drug crops
Varagu
Sugar crops
Cotton
Coriander
Tobacco
Sugarcane
Tea
15 Assessment of Potassium Nutrient Balance in Agricultural Farming System: A. . .
329
K inflow kg per year
ð
Þ¼K IN,t þ K LM,t þ K CM,t þ K CR,t þ K SB,t þ K RN,t
þ K IR,t
ð15:6Þ
where K IN , K LM , K CM , K CR , K SB , K RN and K IR are additions of potassium (kg per
year) through fertilizers, livestock manure, compost, crop residue, rice straw burning, rain and irrigation, respectively. Murate of potash and complex fertilizers are the
major sources of total K to soil (Pathak 2010; Paramasivam et al. 2017).
K inflow from livestock manure (K LM ) was assessed by using the equation given
by Pathak (2010).
N LM,t ¼ Σ Τ N T Ã N ex T
ð Þ
À
Á Ã 1 À LM FL,t þ LM CL,t þ LM CN,t
ð
Þ
½
ð 15:7Þ
where “T implies the number of the defined livestock group as cattle, buffalo, sheep
and goat; K T is the number of livestock in each group from each district; K ex(T ) is the
annual average K excretion (kg per year) per head for each livestock group; and
LM FL , LM CL and LM CN are the fractions of livestock manure that are burnt as fuel,
used for construction and lost during collection, respectively” (Paramasivam et al.
2017). “Contribution of animal urine towards K addition was not included in the
study because almost all urine is lost from the cattle-shed before and during
collection and negligible amount is recycled into agricultural fields. For the present
study, cow, buffalo, goat and sheep manures were considered for the estimation”
(Pathak 2010; Paramasivam et al. 2017). Source of data and crops for calibrating in
the present analysis are given in Tables 15.1 and 15.2. It is noted that the present
estimation ignored some sources of inputs such as compost, crop residue, rice straw
burning, rain and irrigation due to data inadequacy in the study area.
Table 15.1 Details of selected crops
Agricultural crops
Horticultural crops
Cereals
Pulses
Oil seeds
Fruits
Vegetables
Paddy
Green gram
Ground nut
Banana
Tomato
Sorghum
Black gram
Sesame
Mango
Ladies finger
Cumbu
Bengal gram
Coconut
Lemon
Brinjal
Ragi
Red gram
Castor
Cashew nut
Tapioca
Maize
Horse gram
Sunflower
Spices
Onion
Thenai
Cow pea
Soybean
Turmeric
Sweet potato
Samai
Mochai
Fibre
Chilly
Drug crops
Varagu
Sugar crops
Cotton
Coriander
Tobacco
Sugarcane
Tea
15 Assessment of Potassium Nutrient Balance in Agricultural Farming System: A. . .
329