with gardens can make extra income from surplus production. It is also expected that
an increase in a household income can reduce food insecurity among households.
According to Maponya and Moja (2012), the combination of income generation and
production improves food security among households.
14.4.5 Univariate Analysis
There is a higher association among the following variables: gardens owned and still
available, household income, agricultural training, and access to irrigation, garden
tools, and a home garden initiative (Table 14.5). This is supported by the fact that
their estimate values are more than 1 at the 95% confidence interval.
13
20
48
68
33
32
2
23
2
120
145
153
170
142
133
43
95
9
82
118
246
246
178
191
14
120
65
39
59
69
99
68
57
4
37
32
193
192
196
197
193
2
2
2
1
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
beans
tomatoes
onions
spinach
beetroots
carrots
sweetpotatoes
cabbage
pumpkins
beans
tomatoes onions
spinach beetroots carrots
sweetpotat
oes
cabbage pumpkins
sedibeng
13
20
48
68
33
32
2
23
2
West Rand
120
145
153
170
142
133
43
95
9
City of Johannessburg
82
118
246
246
178
191
14
120
65
ekurhuleni
39
59
69
99
68
57
4
37
32
City of Tshwane
193
192
196
197
193
2
2
2
1
Fig. 14.8 Vegetables grown by households
Very Good
Good
Fair
Poor
Very Poor
Total
City of Johannesburg
150
160
8
0
1
319
City of Tshwane
31
45
137
51
6
270
Ekurhuleni
21
69
17
16
18
141
Sedibeng
8
185
20
3
0
216
West Rand
161
31
9
0
3
204
Gauteng
371
490
191
70
28
1150
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Fig. 14.9 Overall feeling about the homestead garden initiative
316
P. Maponya et al.