Table 6.2 (continued)
Biomass substrate
Catalyst, pretreatment, and
growth conditions
Yield
References
9.1% pretreated rice
husks
4.5% (v/v) HCl, 160
C, 56 bar
and 70 min
54.50%
Bevilaqua et al.
(2013)
9.1% pretreated rice
husks
4% (v/v) H 2 SO 4 , 170
C,
60 min
45.70%
5% cotton
1 M HCl, 150
C, 2 h
44 mol.%
Victor et al. (2014)
10 wt.% corn stalk
0.5 M FeCl 3 , 180
C, 40 min
48.89 mol.%
Zheng et al. (2017)
Corn stalk
0.05 mol./L FeCl 3 , 230
C,
10 min
48.73 mol.%
Zhi et al. (2015)
73 g/L olive tree
pruning
37% HCl, 11.5 meq, 200
C,
1 h
20.1 wt.%
Galletti et al. (2012)
73 g/L poplar
sawdust
37% HCl, 11.5 meq, 200
C,
1 h
29.3 wt.%
73 g/L paper sludge 98% H 2 SO 4 , 8.3 meq, 200
C,
1 h
15.4 wt.%
73 g/L paper sludge 37% HCl, 11.5 meq, 200
C,
1 h
31.4 wt.%
100 g/L furfural
residue
2% H 2 SO 4 , 180
C, 2 h
66.6 mol.%
Xu et al. (2015)
1 wt.% water
hyacinth (C6-sugars
is 26.3 wt.%)
1 M H 2 SO 4 , 175
C, 30 min
53 mol.%
Girisuta et al. (2008)
9% Miscanthus
(40.7% glucan)
0.10–0.53 M H 2 SO 4 ,
160–200
C
58–72 mol.%
Dussan et al. (2013)
10% sorghum flour
8% H 2 SO 4 , 200
C, 30 min
32.6 wt.%
Fang and Hanna
(2002)
14 wt.%
pennisetum
alopecuroides
8% H 2 SO 4 , 190
C, 60 min
50.49%
theoretical
Yuan et al. (2016)
62.5 kg/m
3
H. tuberosus L.
H 2 SO 4 (2 kg/m
3
), 160–200
C,
10–35 min
32.3 wt.%
Jeong (2015)
Cellulose
[C4(Mim) 2 ] [2(HSO 4 )
(H 2 SO) 2 ], pretreatment:
stirring, 100
C, 180 min
55%
Khan et al. (2018)
Itaconic acid
Olive & beet waste
A. terreus CECT 20365, 30
C,
5 days, pH: 5.5
44 g/L
Nikolay et al. (2013)
Glucose
Ustilago maydis, 34
C, 5 days,
pH: 3.0, 180 rpm
29 g/L
Rafi et al. (2012)
A. terreus DSM23081,
NRRL1960, NRRL 1963,
33
C, 7 days, pH: 3.1, 120 rpm
91 g/L
Kuenz et al. (2012)
A. niger, 33
C, 10–13 days,
180 rpm
1.4 g/L
Blumhoff et al.
(2013)
A. terreus TN-484-M1, 37
C,
6 days, pH: 2.0, 220 rpm
82 g/L
El-Imam and Du
(2014)
(continued)
6 Sustainable Biorefinery Technologies for Agro-Residues: Challenges and. . .
115
Biomass substrate
Catalyst, pretreatment, and
growth conditions
Yield
References
9.1% pretreated rice
husks
4.5% (v/v) HCl, 160
C, 56 bar
and 70 min
54.50%
Bevilaqua et al.
(2013)
9.1% pretreated rice
husks
4% (v/v) H 2 SO 4 , 170
C,
60 min
45.70%
5% cotton
1 M HCl, 150
C, 2 h
44 mol.%
Victor et al. (2014)
10 wt.% corn stalk
0.5 M FeCl 3 , 180
C, 40 min
48.89 mol.%
Zheng et al. (2017)
Corn stalk
0.05 mol./L FeCl 3 , 230
C,
10 min
48.73 mol.%
Zhi et al. (2015)
73 g/L olive tree
pruning
37% HCl, 11.5 meq, 200
C,
1 h
20.1 wt.%
Galletti et al. (2012)
73 g/L poplar
sawdust
37% HCl, 11.5 meq, 200
C,
1 h
29.3 wt.%
73 g/L paper sludge 98% H 2 SO 4 , 8.3 meq, 200
C,
1 h
15.4 wt.%
73 g/L paper sludge 37% HCl, 11.5 meq, 200
C,
1 h
31.4 wt.%
100 g/L furfural
residue
2% H 2 SO 4 , 180
C, 2 h
66.6 mol.%
Xu et al. (2015)
1 wt.% water
hyacinth (C6-sugars
is 26.3 wt.%)
1 M H 2 SO 4 , 175
C, 30 min
53 mol.%
Girisuta et al. (2008)
9% Miscanthus
(40.7% glucan)
0.10–0.53 M H 2 SO 4 ,
160–200
C
58–72 mol.%
Dussan et al. (2013)
10% sorghum flour
8% H 2 SO 4 , 200
C, 30 min
32.6 wt.%
Fang and Hanna
(2002)
14 wt.%
pennisetum
alopecuroides
8% H 2 SO 4 , 190
C, 60 min
50.49%
theoretical
Yuan et al. (2016)
62.5 kg/m
3
H. tuberosus L.
H 2 SO 4 (2 kg/m
3
), 160–200
C,
10–35 min
32.3 wt.%
Jeong (2015)
Cellulose
[C4(Mim) 2 ] [2(HSO 4 )
(H 2 SO) 2 ], pretreatment:
stirring, 100
C, 180 min
55%
Khan et al. (2018)
Itaconic acid
Olive & beet waste
A. terreus CECT 20365, 30
C,
5 days, pH: 5.5
44 g/L
Nikolay et al. (2013)
Glucose
Ustilago maydis, 34
C, 5 days,
pH: 3.0, 180 rpm
29 g/L
Rafi et al. (2012)
A. terreus DSM23081,
NRRL1960, NRRL 1963,
33
C, 7 days, pH: 3.1, 120 rpm
91 g/L
Kuenz et al. (2012)
A. niger, 33
C, 10–13 days,
180 rpm
1.4 g/L
Blumhoff et al.
(2013)
A. terreus TN-484-M1, 37
C,
6 days, pH: 2.0, 220 rpm
82 g/L
El-Imam and Du
(2014)
(continued)
6 Sustainable Biorefinery Technologies for Agro-Residues: Challenges and. . .
115