The denominator is the volume of electricity supplied to the grid during its
lifetime, measured as
Electricity production ¼ P NET Â LF Â 8760 Â LT
ð11:2Þ
where the EGS power station ultimately produces power as P NET . PNET is the
difference between the P ORC capability constructed by ORC (i.e., the power production of the electric engine minus the electricity consumption by other ORC
devices, including the air cooler) and P PUMPS (the energy demand of the geothermal
liquid storage and reinjection pumps). The load factor is LF (a percentage of 0 to
1 reflecting the equivalent hours of marginal power operation in 1 year), the amount
of hours expended in 1 year is 8760, as well as the LT in the plant’s lifetime
(represented in years). The statistics used for EGS power stations, LCA, is produced
from a proposed methodology of nine parameters: pump power demand, produced
flow rate, load factor, drilling depth, fuel usage for drilling, number of wells, life
expectancy, intensity increase, and ORC power capacity.
Conclusion
Although commonly recognized as a renewable energy source, geothermal energy
development has also led to reduction in pollution levels from greenhouse gas
emissions. Numerous studies have also shown that carbon dioxide emissions from
geothermal plants occur naturally, often increasing the amount of CO 2 generated
from the geothermal system using geothermal energy. Because no combustion
methods are employed, geothermal technologies generate little or no carbon dioxide
emission. Forecasts of geothermal production for 2050 suggest that greenhouse gas
emissions can be mitigated by 100 Mt/year with geothermal electricity production
and more than 300 Mt/year with direct applications, much of which could be
accomplished by heat pumps. This chapter consists of four major segments: application and status of geothermal energy in the world, geothermal energy and mitigation, a framework for adaptation and mitigation, and life cycle assessment of
geothermal power plants. The first segment of application and status of geothermal
energy in the world reviews the application of geothermal energy worldwide in
forms of direct and indirect applications. This segment also describes the power
generation capacity of leading countries such as the USA, New Zealand, Mexico,
Iceland, Philippines, Indonesia, and other countries worldwide. The second segment
of geothermal energy and mitigation describes the key characteristics of the Paris
Agreement with GHG emissions and mitigation opportunities from geothermal
industry and carbon capture and storage with carbon capture and use. The third
segment is the most important one: the framework for adaptation and mitigation
using geothermal energy. In this section we have discussed the modified version of
the GeoAdam method for geothermal climate change mitigation. The traditional
method of GeoAdam is performed in two stages, as assessment stage and
11 Geothermal Energy and Climate Change Mitigation
267
lifetime, measured as
Electricity production ¼ P NET Â LF Â 8760 Â LT
ð11:2Þ
where the EGS power station ultimately produces power as P NET . PNET is the
difference between the P ORC capability constructed by ORC (i.e., the power production of the electric engine minus the electricity consumption by other ORC
devices, including the air cooler) and P PUMPS (the energy demand of the geothermal
liquid storage and reinjection pumps). The load factor is LF (a percentage of 0 to
1 reflecting the equivalent hours of marginal power operation in 1 year), the amount
of hours expended in 1 year is 8760, as well as the LT in the plant’s lifetime
(represented in years). The statistics used for EGS power stations, LCA, is produced
from a proposed methodology of nine parameters: pump power demand, produced
flow rate, load factor, drilling depth, fuel usage for drilling, number of wells, life
expectancy, intensity increase, and ORC power capacity.
Conclusion
Although commonly recognized as a renewable energy source, geothermal energy
development has also led to reduction in pollution levels from greenhouse gas
emissions. Numerous studies have also shown that carbon dioxide emissions from
geothermal plants occur naturally, often increasing the amount of CO 2 generated
from the geothermal system using geothermal energy. Because no combustion
methods are employed, geothermal technologies generate little or no carbon dioxide
emission. Forecasts of geothermal production for 2050 suggest that greenhouse gas
emissions can be mitigated by 100 Mt/year with geothermal electricity production
and more than 300 Mt/year with direct applications, much of which could be
accomplished by heat pumps. This chapter consists of four major segments: application and status of geothermal energy in the world, geothermal energy and mitigation, a framework for adaptation and mitigation, and life cycle assessment of
geothermal power plants. The first segment of application and status of geothermal
energy in the world reviews the application of geothermal energy worldwide in
forms of direct and indirect applications. This segment also describes the power
generation capacity of leading countries such as the USA, New Zealand, Mexico,
Iceland, Philippines, Indonesia, and other countries worldwide. The second segment
of geothermal energy and mitigation describes the key characteristics of the Paris
Agreement with GHG emissions and mitigation opportunities from geothermal
industry and carbon capture and storage with carbon capture and use. The third
segment is the most important one: the framework for adaptation and mitigation
using geothermal energy. In this section we have discussed the modified version of
the GeoAdam method for geothermal climate change mitigation. The traditional
method of GeoAdam is performed in two stages, as assessment stage and
11 Geothermal Energy and Climate Change Mitigation
267