Matthews ER, Mazer SJ (2016) Historical changes in flowering phenology are governed by
temperature  precipitation interactions in a widespread perennial herb in western North
America. New Phytol 210(1):157–167
Mazer SJ, Gerst KL, Matthews ER, Evenden A (2015) Species-specific phenological responses to
winter temperature and precipitation in a water-limited ecosystem. Ecosphere 6(6):1–27
Menzel A, Fabian P (1999) Growing season extended in Europe. Nature 397(6721):659
Menzel A, Sparks TH, Estrella N, Koch E, Aasa A, Ahas R, Chmielewski FM (2006) European
phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern. Global Change Biol 12
(10):1969–1976
Miller-Rushing AJ, Primack RB (2008) Global warming and flowering times in Thoreau’s Concord: a community perspective. Ecology 89:332–341
Miller-Rushing AJ, Katsuki T, Primack RB, Ishii Y, Lee SD, Higuchi H (2007) Impact of global
warming on a group of related species and their hybrids: cherry tree (Rosaceae) flowering at
Mt. Takao, Japan. Am J Bot 94:1470–1478
Miller-Rushing AJ, Inouye DW, Primack RB (2008a) How well do first flowering dates measure
plant responses to climate change? The effects of population size and sampling frequency. J
Ecol 96(6):1289–1296
Miller-Rushing AJ, Primack RB, Stymeist R (2008b) Interpreting variation in bird migration times
as observed by volunteers. Auk 125:565–573
Myneni RB, Keeling CD, Tucker CJ et al (1997) Increased plant growth in the northern high
latitudes from 1981 to 1991. Nature 386:698–702
Negi GCS (2006) Leaf and bud demography and shoot growth in evergreen and deciduous trees of
central Himalaya, India. Trees 20(4):416–429
Negi GCS, Singh SP (1992) Leaf growth pattern in evergreen and deciduous species of the Central
Himalaya, India. Int J Biometeorol 36(4):233–242
Opler PA, Frankie GW, Baker HG (1976) Rainfall as a factor in the release, timing, and synchronization of anthesis by tropical trees and shrubs. J Biogeogr:231–236
Pau S, Wolkovich EM, Cook BI, Davies TJ, Kraft NJ, Bolmgren K et al (2011) Predicting
phenology by integrating ecology, evolution and climate science. Glob Chang Biol 17
(12):3633–3643
Piao S, Liu Q, Chen A, Janssens IA, Fu Y, Dai J et al (2019) Plant phenology and global climate
change: current progresses and challenges. Global Change Biol 25(6):1922–1940
Pletsers A, Caffarra A, Kelleher CT, Donnelly A (2015) Chilling temperature and photoperiod
influence the timing of bud burst in juvenile Betula pubescens Ehrh. and Populus tremula
L. trees. Ann For Sci 72(7):941–953
Posada JM, Schuur EA (2011) Relationships among precipitation regime, nutrient availability, and
carbon turnover in tropical rain forests. Oecologia 165(3):783–795
Primack RB, Higuchi H, Miller-Rushing AJ (2009) The impact of climate change on cherry trees
and other species in Japan. Biol Conserv 142(9):1943–1949
Priti H, Aravind NA, Shaanker RU, Ravikanth G (2016) Modeling impacts of future climate on the
distribution of Myristicaceae species in the Western Ghats, India. Ecol Eng 89:14–23
Qiu T, Song C, Clark JS, Seyednasrollah B, Rathnayaka N, Li J (2020) Understanding the
continuous phenological development at daily time step with a Bayesian hierarchical spacetime model: impacts of climate change and extreme weather events. Remote Sens Environ
247:111956
Reich PB (1995) Phenology of tropical forests: patterns, causes, and consequences. Can J Bot 73
(2):164–174
Richardson AD, Keenan TF, Migliavacca M, Ryu Y, Sonnentag O, Toomey M (2013) Climate
change, phenology, and phenological control of vegetation feedbacks to the climate system.
Agric For Meteorol 169:156–173
Rosenzweig C, Karoly D, Vicarelli M, Neofotis P, Wu Q, Casassa G et al (2008) Attributing
physical and biological impacts to anthropogenic climate change. Nature 453(7193):353–357
204
P. Tiwari et al.
temperature  precipitation interactions in a widespread perennial herb in western North
America. New Phytol 210(1):157–167
Mazer SJ, Gerst KL, Matthews ER, Evenden A (2015) Species-specific phenological responses to
winter temperature and precipitation in a water-limited ecosystem. Ecosphere 6(6):1–27
Menzel A, Fabian P (1999) Growing season extended in Europe. Nature 397(6721):659
Menzel A, Sparks TH, Estrella N, Koch E, Aasa A, Ahas R, Chmielewski FM (2006) European
phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern. Global Change Biol 12
(10):1969–1976
Miller-Rushing AJ, Primack RB (2008) Global warming and flowering times in Thoreau’s Concord: a community perspective. Ecology 89:332–341
Miller-Rushing AJ, Katsuki T, Primack RB, Ishii Y, Lee SD, Higuchi H (2007) Impact of global
warming on a group of related species and their hybrids: cherry tree (Rosaceae) flowering at
Mt. Takao, Japan. Am J Bot 94:1470–1478
Miller-Rushing AJ, Inouye DW, Primack RB (2008a) How well do first flowering dates measure
plant responses to climate change? The effects of population size and sampling frequency. J
Ecol 96(6):1289–1296
Miller-Rushing AJ, Primack RB, Stymeist R (2008b) Interpreting variation in bird migration times
as observed by volunteers. Auk 125:565–573
Myneni RB, Keeling CD, Tucker CJ et al (1997) Increased plant growth in the northern high
latitudes from 1981 to 1991. Nature 386:698–702
Negi GCS (2006) Leaf and bud demography and shoot growth in evergreen and deciduous trees of
central Himalaya, India. Trees 20(4):416–429
Negi GCS, Singh SP (1992) Leaf growth pattern in evergreen and deciduous species of the Central
Himalaya, India. Int J Biometeorol 36(4):233–242
Opler PA, Frankie GW, Baker HG (1976) Rainfall as a factor in the release, timing, and synchronization of anthesis by tropical trees and shrubs. J Biogeogr:231–236
Pau S, Wolkovich EM, Cook BI, Davies TJ, Kraft NJ, Bolmgren K et al (2011) Predicting
phenology by integrating ecology, evolution and climate science. Glob Chang Biol 17
(12):3633–3643
Piao S, Liu Q, Chen A, Janssens IA, Fu Y, Dai J et al (2019) Plant phenology and global climate
change: current progresses and challenges. Global Change Biol 25(6):1922–1940
Pletsers A, Caffarra A, Kelleher CT, Donnelly A (2015) Chilling temperature and photoperiod
influence the timing of bud burst in juvenile Betula pubescens Ehrh. and Populus tremula
L. trees. Ann For Sci 72(7):941–953
Posada JM, Schuur EA (2011) Relationships among precipitation regime, nutrient availability, and
carbon turnover in tropical rain forests. Oecologia 165(3):783–795
Primack RB, Higuchi H, Miller-Rushing AJ (2009) The impact of climate change on cherry trees
and other species in Japan. Biol Conserv 142(9):1943–1949
Priti H, Aravind NA, Shaanker RU, Ravikanth G (2016) Modeling impacts of future climate on the
distribution of Myristicaceae species in the Western Ghats, India. Ecol Eng 89:14–23
Qiu T, Song C, Clark JS, Seyednasrollah B, Rathnayaka N, Li J (2020) Understanding the
continuous phenological development at daily time step with a Bayesian hierarchical spacetime model: impacts of climate change and extreme weather events. Remote Sens Environ
247:111956
Reich PB (1995) Phenology of tropical forests: patterns, causes, and consequences. Can J Bot 73
(2):164–174
Richardson AD, Keenan TF, Migliavacca M, Ryu Y, Sonnentag O, Toomey M (2013) Climate
change, phenology, and phenological control of vegetation feedbacks to the climate system.
Agric For Meteorol 169:156–173
Rosenzweig C, Karoly D, Vicarelli M, Neofotis P, Wu Q, Casassa G et al (2008) Attributing
physical and biological impacts to anthropogenic climate change. Nature 453(7193):353–357
204
P. Tiwari et al.