increasing trend is observed in the northern and southwestern parts. Overall decreasing trends are observed for the post-monsoon and winter seasons, and both positive
and negative trends are observed for the pre-monsoon season. Monotonic trends in
seasonal rainfall are very rare. In addition, the findings also revealed that some of the
meteorological subdivisions have recorded a significant negative trend for long-term
seasonal rainfall. Pre-monsoon (Mar–May), post-monsoon (Oct–Nov), and winter
(Dec–Feb) seasons were dominated by a decreasing trend whereas decreasing and
increasing trends were found equally for the monsoon (Jun–Sep) season. Even some
of the subdivisions are showing no trends using the MK test, but innovative trend
analysis detects a significant trend in those data points. However, for the better
management of water resources and disaster mitigation, such robust analysis is very
helpful and can provide good insight into the complex dynamic phenomena. However, more precise observation of this phenomenon is needed. The microlevel
discrepancies in response to the climate change are recommended for further
study. Also needed is the incorporation of other climatic parameters, especially
temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind patterns and directions, and sunshine,
with the changing dynamism of monsoon rainfall for more comphrehensive analysis.
References
Ahmad I, Zhang F, Tayyab M, Anjum MN, Zaman M, Liu J, Farid HU, Saddique Q (2018)
Spatiotemporal analysis of precipitation variability in annual, seasonal and extreme values over
upper Indus River basin. Atmos Res 213:346–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.06.
019
Ay M, Kisi O (2015) Investigation of trend analysis of monthly total precipitation by an innovative
method. Theor Appl Climatol 120(3–4):617–629
Banerjee A, Dimri AP, Kumar K (2020) Rainfall over the Himalayan foot-hill region: Present and
future. Journal of Earth System Science 129(1):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-0191295-2
Chang HI, Kumar A, Niyogi D, Mohanty UC, Chen F, Dudhia J (2009) The role of land surface
processes on the mesoscale simulation of the July 26, 2005 heavy rain event over Mumbai,
India. Glob Planet Change 67(1–2):87–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.12.005
Changnon SA, Demissie M (1996) Detection of changes in streamflow and floods resulting from
climate fluctuations and land use-drainage changes. Clim Change 32(4):411–421. https://doi.
org/10.1007/bf00140354
Cui L, Wang L, Lai Z, Tian Q, Liu W, Li J (2017) Innovative trend analysis of annual and seasonal
air temperature and rainfall in the Yangtze River Basin, China during 1960–2015. J Atmos Sol
Terr Phys 164:48–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2017.08.001
Das J, Bhattacharya SK (2018) Trend analysis of long-term climatic parameters in Dinhata of Koch
Bihar district, West Bengal. Spat Inf Res 26(3):271–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41324-0180173-3
Das J, Mandal T, Saha P (2019) Spatio-temporal trend and change point detection of winter
temperature of North Bengal, India. Spat Inf Res 27(4):411–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s41324-019-00241-9
Das J, Jha S, Goyal MK (2020a) On the relationship of climatic and monsoon teleconnections with
monthly precipitation over meteorologically homogenous regions in India: wavelet & global
180
T. Mandal et al.
and negative trends are observed for the pre-monsoon season. Monotonic trends in
seasonal rainfall are very rare. In addition, the findings also revealed that some of the
meteorological subdivisions have recorded a significant negative trend for long-term
seasonal rainfall. Pre-monsoon (Mar–May), post-monsoon (Oct–Nov), and winter
(Dec–Feb) seasons were dominated by a decreasing trend whereas decreasing and
increasing trends were found equally for the monsoon (Jun–Sep) season. Even some
of the subdivisions are showing no trends using the MK test, but innovative trend
analysis detects a significant trend in those data points. However, for the better
management of water resources and disaster mitigation, such robust analysis is very
helpful and can provide good insight into the complex dynamic phenomena. However, more precise observation of this phenomenon is needed. The microlevel
discrepancies in response to the climate change are recommended for further
study. Also needed is the incorporation of other climatic parameters, especially
temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind patterns and directions, and sunshine,
with the changing dynamism of monsoon rainfall for more comphrehensive analysis.
References
Ahmad I, Zhang F, Tayyab M, Anjum MN, Zaman M, Liu J, Farid HU, Saddique Q (2018)
Spatiotemporal analysis of precipitation variability in annual, seasonal and extreme values over
upper Indus River basin. Atmos Res 213:346–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.06.
019
Ay M, Kisi O (2015) Investigation of trend analysis of monthly total precipitation by an innovative
method. Theor Appl Climatol 120(3–4):617–629
Banerjee A, Dimri AP, Kumar K (2020) Rainfall over the Himalayan foot-hill region: Present and
future. Journal of Earth System Science 129(1):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-0191295-2
Chang HI, Kumar A, Niyogi D, Mohanty UC, Chen F, Dudhia J (2009) The role of land surface
processes on the mesoscale simulation of the July 26, 2005 heavy rain event over Mumbai,
India. Glob Planet Change 67(1–2):87–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.12.005
Changnon SA, Demissie M (1996) Detection of changes in streamflow and floods resulting from
climate fluctuations and land use-drainage changes. Clim Change 32(4):411–421. https://doi.
org/10.1007/bf00140354
Cui L, Wang L, Lai Z, Tian Q, Liu W, Li J (2017) Innovative trend analysis of annual and seasonal
air temperature and rainfall in the Yangtze River Basin, China during 1960–2015. J Atmos Sol
Terr Phys 164:48–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2017.08.001
Das J, Bhattacharya SK (2018) Trend analysis of long-term climatic parameters in Dinhata of Koch
Bihar district, West Bengal. Spat Inf Res 26(3):271–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41324-0180173-3
Das J, Mandal T, Saha P (2019) Spatio-temporal trend and change point detection of winter
temperature of North Bengal, India. Spat Inf Res 27(4):411–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s41324-019-00241-9
Das J, Jha S, Goyal MK (2020a) On the relationship of climatic and monsoon teleconnections with
monthly precipitation over meteorologically homogenous regions in India: wavelet & global
180
T. Mandal et al.