References
Amasya AF, Narisawa K, Watanabe M (2015) Analysis of sclerotia-associated fungal communities
in cool-temperate forest soils in north Japan. Microbes Environ 30:113–116
Bååth E, Lundgren B, Söderström B (1984) Fungal populations in podzolic soil experimentally
acidified to simulate acid rain. Microb Ecol 10:197–203
Bougoure DS, Cairney JWG (2005) Fungi associated with hair roots of Rhododendron lochiae
(Ericaceae) in an Australian tropical cloud forest revealed by culturing and culture-independent
molecular methods. Environ Microbiol 7:1743–1754
Brodie E, Edwards S, Clipson N (2003) Soil fungal community structure in a temperate upland
grassland soil. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 45:105–114
Brundrett M (1996) Working with mycorrhizas in forestry and agriculture. ACIAR, Canberra, ACT,
pp 167–168
Bruns TD (1995) Thoughts on the processes that maintain local species diversity of ectomycorrhizal
fungi. Plant Soil 170:63–73
Chaverri P, Samuels GJ (2002) Hypocrea lixii, the teleomorph of Trichoderma harzianum. Mycol
Prog 1:283–286
Chen L, Yan W, Xu Y (2007) Identification and preliminary analysis of the genetic diversity of
Cenococcum geophilum Fr. Agric Sci China 6:956–963
Dahlberg A, Jonsson L, Nylund JE (1997) Species diversity and distribution of biomass above and
below ground among ectomycorrhizal fungi in an old-growth Norway spruce forest in south
Sweden. Can J Bot 75:1323–1335
Dickie IA (2007) Host preference, niches and fungal diversity. New Phytol 174:230–233
Dickie IA, Fitz John RG (2007) Using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) to identify mycorrhizal fungi: a methods review. Mycorrhiza 17:259–270
Dickie IA, Reich PB (2005) Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities at forest edges. J Ecol 93:244–
255
Dickie IA, Xu B, Koide RT (2002) Vertical niche differentiation of ectomycorrhizal hyphae in soil
as shown by T-RFLP analysis. New Phytol 156:527–535
Dollhopf SL, Hashsham SA, Tiedje JM (2001) Interpreting 16S rDNA T-RFLP data: application of
self-organizing maps and principal component analysis to describe community dynamics and
convergence. Microb Ecol 42:495–505
Edel-Hermann W, Dreumont C, Perez-Piqueres A, Steinberg C (2004) Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of ribosomal RNA genes to assess changes in fungal
community structure in soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 47:397–404
Elad Y, Barak R, Chet I (1984) Parasitism of sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii by Trichoderma
harzianum. Soil Biol Biochem 16:381–386
Fogel R, Hunt G (1979) Fungal and arboreal biomass in a western Oregon Douglas-fir ecosystem:
distribution patterns and turnover. Can J For Res 9:245–256
Gardes M, Bruns TD (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes – application
to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Mol Ecol 2:113–118
Genney DR, Anderson IC, Alexander IJ (2006) Fine-scale distribution of pine ectomycorrhizas and
their extramatrical mycelium. New Phytol 170:381–390
Hattori T (1990) National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NIAS) Genebank. http://www.gene.
affrc.go.jp/databases-micro_search_detail_en.php?maff=420279
Homma Y (1937) Erysiphaceae of Japan. J Fac Agric Hokkaido Imp Univ 38:183–461
Horton TR, Bruns TD (2001) The molecular revolution in ectomycorrhizal ecology: peeking into
the black-box. Mol Ecol 10:1855–1871
Ishii HT, Kobayashi T, Uemura S, Takahashi K, Hanba YT, Sumida A, Hara T (2008) Removal of
understory dwarf bamboo (Sasa kurilensis) induces changes in water-relations characteristics of
overstory Betula ermanii trees. J For Res 13:101–109
Jany J, Garbaye J, Martin F (2002) Cenococcum geophilum populations show a high degree of
genetic diversity in beech forests. New Phytol 154:651–659
2 Fungal Communities of Sclerotia Grains from Forest Soils
31
Amasya AF, Narisawa K, Watanabe M (2015) Analysis of sclerotia-associated fungal communities
in cool-temperate forest soils in north Japan. Microbes Environ 30:113–116
Bååth E, Lundgren B, Söderström B (1984) Fungal populations in podzolic soil experimentally
acidified to simulate acid rain. Microb Ecol 10:197–203
Bougoure DS, Cairney JWG (2005) Fungi associated with hair roots of Rhododendron lochiae
(Ericaceae) in an Australian tropical cloud forest revealed by culturing and culture-independent
molecular methods. Environ Microbiol 7:1743–1754
Brodie E, Edwards S, Clipson N (2003) Soil fungal community structure in a temperate upland
grassland soil. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 45:105–114
Brundrett M (1996) Working with mycorrhizas in forestry and agriculture. ACIAR, Canberra, ACT,
pp 167–168
Bruns TD (1995) Thoughts on the processes that maintain local species diversity of ectomycorrhizal
fungi. Plant Soil 170:63–73
Chaverri P, Samuels GJ (2002) Hypocrea lixii, the teleomorph of Trichoderma harzianum. Mycol
Prog 1:283–286
Chen L, Yan W, Xu Y (2007) Identification and preliminary analysis of the genetic diversity of
Cenococcum geophilum Fr. Agric Sci China 6:956–963
Dahlberg A, Jonsson L, Nylund JE (1997) Species diversity and distribution of biomass above and
below ground among ectomycorrhizal fungi in an old-growth Norway spruce forest in south
Sweden. Can J Bot 75:1323–1335
Dickie IA (2007) Host preference, niches and fungal diversity. New Phytol 174:230–233
Dickie IA, Fitz John RG (2007) Using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) to identify mycorrhizal fungi: a methods review. Mycorrhiza 17:259–270
Dickie IA, Reich PB (2005) Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities at forest edges. J Ecol 93:244–
255
Dickie IA, Xu B, Koide RT (2002) Vertical niche differentiation of ectomycorrhizal hyphae in soil
as shown by T-RFLP analysis. New Phytol 156:527–535
Dollhopf SL, Hashsham SA, Tiedje JM (2001) Interpreting 16S rDNA T-RFLP data: application of
self-organizing maps and principal component analysis to describe community dynamics and
convergence. Microb Ecol 42:495–505
Edel-Hermann W, Dreumont C, Perez-Piqueres A, Steinberg C (2004) Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of ribosomal RNA genes to assess changes in fungal
community structure in soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 47:397–404
Elad Y, Barak R, Chet I (1984) Parasitism of sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii by Trichoderma
harzianum. Soil Biol Biochem 16:381–386
Fogel R, Hunt G (1979) Fungal and arboreal biomass in a western Oregon Douglas-fir ecosystem:
distribution patterns and turnover. Can J For Res 9:245–256
Gardes M, Bruns TD (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes – application
to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Mol Ecol 2:113–118
Genney DR, Anderson IC, Alexander IJ (2006) Fine-scale distribution of pine ectomycorrhizas and
their extramatrical mycelium. New Phytol 170:381–390
Hattori T (1990) National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (NIAS) Genebank. http://www.gene.
affrc.go.jp/databases-micro_search_detail_en.php?maff=420279
Homma Y (1937) Erysiphaceae of Japan. J Fac Agric Hokkaido Imp Univ 38:183–461
Horton TR, Bruns TD (2001) The molecular revolution in ectomycorrhizal ecology: peeking into
the black-box. Mol Ecol 10:1855–1871
Ishii HT, Kobayashi T, Uemura S, Takahashi K, Hanba YT, Sumida A, Hara T (2008) Removal of
understory dwarf bamboo (Sasa kurilensis) induces changes in water-relations characteristics of
overstory Betula ermanii trees. J For Res 13:101–109
Jany J, Garbaye J, Martin F (2002) Cenococcum geophilum populations show a high degree of
genetic diversity in beech forests. New Phytol 154:651–659
2 Fungal Communities of Sclerotia Grains from Forest Soils
31