cheese kept a much greater total score. In general, the high
concentration capacity of SEF for milk protein is highly
beneficial for protein concentration and cheese protein.
Membrane Cleaning
Except for fouling alleviation, high shear stress in SEF
also has high potential to assist membrane cleaning (Zhang
et al. 2017). In membrane industry, water rinsing and
chemical cleaning are two main cleaning technologies. For
water rinsing, high shear stress effectively removed casein
micelles and whey protein layer accumulating on membrane
surface. With respective to chemical cleaning, cleaning
agent became the foam status and the convection diffusivity
improved by high shear stress, which significantly remove
foulants inside membrane pores.
With high shear effect, as displayed in Fig. 7, the form
status of cleaning agents (P3-ultrasil 10) containing highly
effective cleaning composition, formed and kept the chemical agents on membrane surface long enough for the active
compositions to enter the membrane pores and remove the
foulants (Zhang et al. 2017; Gahleitner et al. 2013, 2014).
Thus, cleaning agent with foam had a better cleaning efficiency. As shown in Fig. 8, the membrane permeability
recovery increased with shear stress. High shear stress also
strengthened the diffusivity rate of mass transfer process
Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of fouling mechanism for wastewater treatment by cross-flow (a) and shear-enhanced (b) UF system
Fig. 5 Variations of permeate flux and Brix in retentate with volume
reduction ratio (VRR) during concentration of dairy factory whole
milk, whole milk, and skim milk by P010P at N = 2500 rpm and
TMP = 6 bar
Shear-Enhanced Filtration (SEF) for the Separation …
133
concentration capacity of SEF for milk protein is highly
beneficial for protein concentration and cheese protein.
Membrane Cleaning
Except for fouling alleviation, high shear stress in SEF
also has high potential to assist membrane cleaning (Zhang
et al. 2017). In membrane industry, water rinsing and
chemical cleaning are two main cleaning technologies. For
water rinsing, high shear stress effectively removed casein
micelles and whey protein layer accumulating on membrane
surface. With respective to chemical cleaning, cleaning
agent became the foam status and the convection diffusivity
improved by high shear stress, which significantly remove
foulants inside membrane pores.
With high shear effect, as displayed in Fig. 7, the form
status of cleaning agents (P3-ultrasil 10) containing highly
effective cleaning composition, formed and kept the chemical agents on membrane surface long enough for the active
compositions to enter the membrane pores and remove the
foulants (Zhang et al. 2017; Gahleitner et al. 2013, 2014).
Thus, cleaning agent with foam had a better cleaning efficiency. As shown in Fig. 8, the membrane permeability
recovery increased with shear stress. High shear stress also
strengthened the diffusivity rate of mass transfer process
Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of fouling mechanism for wastewater treatment by cross-flow (a) and shear-enhanced (b) UF system
Fig. 5 Variations of permeate flux and Brix in retentate with volume
reduction ratio (VRR) during concentration of dairy factory whole
milk, whole milk, and skim milk by P010P at N = 2500 rpm and
TMP = 6 bar
Shear-Enhanced Filtration (SEF) for the Separation …
133