Between Profession and Politics 81
21. G. Baisogolov, “Vospominaniia,” Kamerton. – 2003. – № 37, 38, 39, http://www.
libozersk.ru/pbd/Mayak60/link/278.htm.
22. A.K. Gusʹkova, “Pamiati druga: k 80-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia V.K. Lemberga/A.
Gusʹkova,” Voprosy radiatsionnoi bezopasnosti (1999), 3, 74–77, http://libozersk.ru/pbd/
Mayak60/link/451.htm.
23. Nikolaus Riehl had been brought from Berlin to the Soviet Union in 1945 together
with other scientists and their families. He had previously worked as the director
of uranium production for the so-called Auergesellschaft, a company in Berlin. In
1945–1955, Riehl was forced to work in the Soviet Union, where he led a working group of German scientists in the Soviet atomic bomb program. It was not
until 1955 that Riehl was allowed to travel to the GDR and shortly afterwards to
the FRG. From 1955 to 1957, together with Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, he supervised
the construction of the research reactor of the Technical University of Munich
in Garching near Munich. From 1957 to 1969, he worked as professor and director of the Institute of Technical Physics at the Technical University of Munich.
Horst Kant, “Riehl, Nikolaus” Neue Deutsche Biographie 21 (2003), S. 587–588;
Ulrich Albrecht, Andreas Heinemann-Grüder, Arend Wellmann, Die Spezialisten:
Deutsche Naturwissenschaftler und Techniker in der Sowjetunion nach 1945 (Dietz, 1992).
24. For example, Timofeev-Resovskii, who worked in Laboratory B as a prisoner.
Cf.: N.P. Voloshin, V.N. Ananiichuk, eds., Nikolaus Rilʹ v atomnom proekte SSSR:
[sbornik] (Snezhinsk: [RFIATS-VNIITF], 2011), 54.
25. V.N. Doshchenko, “U istokov radiatsionnoĭ meditsiny na PO «Mayak». Vospominaniia vracha,” Okhrana prirody IUzhnogo Urala: spetsialʹnyi vypusk, posviashchennyi 50-letiiu avarii 1957 goda na PO «Mayak», Chelyabinsk: URAGs,
2007, 70.
26. Cf.: Kate Brown, Plutopia: Nuclear Families, Atomic Cities, and the Great Soviet and
American Plutonium Disasters (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).
27. Gusʹkova, Atomnaia otraslʹ strany glazami vracha, 67.
28. V.N. Novoselovi, V.S. Tolstikov, A.I. Klepikov, Istoriia IUzhno- Uralʹskogo upravleniia stroitelʹstva (Chelyabinsk: NIK, 1998), 54; V.N. Kuznetsov, Atomnye zakrytye
administrativno-territorialʹnye obrazovaniia Urala: Istoriia i sovremennostʹ, Chastʹ 1, Sovetskii period (Ekaterinburg: Bank kulʹturnoi informatsii, 2015), 94–96.
29. Timofeev-Resovskii was a Soviet geneticist who worked at the Kaiser Wilhelm
Institute for Brain Research in Berlin from 1925 to 1945 and established the genetic
department there. In 1945, Timofeev-Resovskii was arrested by Soviet troops in
Berlin, deported to the Soviet Union, and sentenced to ten years of forced labor
in Kazakhstan. He was accused of not returning to the Soviet Union in 1937 and
of collaborating with the Nazis. Two years later, a department of the Soviet secret
service looking for experts in radiation damage located Timofeev-Resovskii in
Kazakhstan, retrieved him from the labor camp, and brought him to the closed
research project in Sungul in the Urals. See also the contribution by Laura Sembritzki in this volume.
30. Gusʹkova, Atomnaia otraslʹ strany glazami vracha, 65.
31. Boris Vannikov is the head of the First Chief Administration (PGU) and the head
of the Scientific and Technical Council of PGU under the USSR SNK, the first
head of the nuclear industry; Efim Slavskii is the first director of the Combine
№ 817.
32. http://www.proatom.ru/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=214
33. G. Baisogolov, “Vospominaniia.”
34. G. Baisogolov, “Vospominaniia.”
35. Lysenkoism was a theory founded in the 1930s by the Soviet agronomist Trofim
Lyssenko, who assumed that the properties of living organisms were not determined by genes but by environmental conditions. Lyssenkoism thus contradicted
21. G. Baisogolov, “Vospominaniia,” Kamerton. – 2003. – № 37, 38, 39, http://www.
libozersk.ru/pbd/Mayak60/link/278.htm.
22. A.K. Gusʹkova, “Pamiati druga: k 80-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia V.K. Lemberga/A.
Gusʹkova,” Voprosy radiatsionnoi bezopasnosti (1999), 3, 74–77, http://libozersk.ru/pbd/
Mayak60/link/451.htm.
23. Nikolaus Riehl had been brought from Berlin to the Soviet Union in 1945 together
with other scientists and their families. He had previously worked as the director
of uranium production for the so-called Auergesellschaft, a company in Berlin. In
1945–1955, Riehl was forced to work in the Soviet Union, where he led a working group of German scientists in the Soviet atomic bomb program. It was not
until 1955 that Riehl was allowed to travel to the GDR and shortly afterwards to
the FRG. From 1955 to 1957, together with Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, he supervised
the construction of the research reactor of the Technical University of Munich
in Garching near Munich. From 1957 to 1969, he worked as professor and director of the Institute of Technical Physics at the Technical University of Munich.
Horst Kant, “Riehl, Nikolaus” Neue Deutsche Biographie 21 (2003), S. 587–588;
Ulrich Albrecht, Andreas Heinemann-Grüder, Arend Wellmann, Die Spezialisten:
Deutsche Naturwissenschaftler und Techniker in der Sowjetunion nach 1945 (Dietz, 1992).
24. For example, Timofeev-Resovskii, who worked in Laboratory B as a prisoner.
Cf.: N.P. Voloshin, V.N. Ananiichuk, eds., Nikolaus Rilʹ v atomnom proekte SSSR:
[sbornik] (Snezhinsk: [RFIATS-VNIITF], 2011), 54.
25. V.N. Doshchenko, “U istokov radiatsionnoĭ meditsiny na PO «Mayak». Vospominaniia vracha,” Okhrana prirody IUzhnogo Urala: spetsialʹnyi vypusk, posviashchennyi 50-letiiu avarii 1957 goda na PO «Mayak», Chelyabinsk: URAGs,
2007, 70.
26. Cf.: Kate Brown, Plutopia: Nuclear Families, Atomic Cities, and the Great Soviet and
American Plutonium Disasters (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).
27. Gusʹkova, Atomnaia otraslʹ strany glazami vracha, 67.
28. V.N. Novoselovi, V.S. Tolstikov, A.I. Klepikov, Istoriia IUzhno- Uralʹskogo upravleniia stroitelʹstva (Chelyabinsk: NIK, 1998), 54; V.N. Kuznetsov, Atomnye zakrytye
administrativno-territorialʹnye obrazovaniia Urala: Istoriia i sovremennostʹ, Chastʹ 1, Sovetskii period (Ekaterinburg: Bank kulʹturnoi informatsii, 2015), 94–96.
29. Timofeev-Resovskii was a Soviet geneticist who worked at the Kaiser Wilhelm
Institute for Brain Research in Berlin from 1925 to 1945 and established the genetic
department there. In 1945, Timofeev-Resovskii was arrested by Soviet troops in
Berlin, deported to the Soviet Union, and sentenced to ten years of forced labor
in Kazakhstan. He was accused of not returning to the Soviet Union in 1937 and
of collaborating with the Nazis. Two years later, a department of the Soviet secret
service looking for experts in radiation damage located Timofeev-Resovskii in
Kazakhstan, retrieved him from the labor camp, and brought him to the closed
research project in Sungul in the Urals. See also the contribution by Laura Sembritzki in this volume.
30. Gusʹkova, Atomnaia otraslʹ strany glazami vracha, 65.
31. Boris Vannikov is the head of the First Chief Administration (PGU) and the head
of the Scientific and Technical Council of PGU under the USSR SNK, the first
head of the nuclear industry; Efim Slavskii is the first director of the Combine
№ 817.
32. http://www.proatom.ru/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=214
33. G. Baisogolov, “Vospominaniia.”
34. G. Baisogolov, “Vospominaniia.”
35. Lysenkoism was a theory founded in the 1930s by the Soviet agronomist Trofim
Lyssenko, who assumed that the properties of living organisms were not determined by genes but by environmental conditions. Lyssenkoism thus contradicted