Air quality standards and guidelines (cont.)
particulate matter, 27–32
erocess for developing and issuing National Ambient
Air quality Standards, 19–22
sources of information for setting, 26–27
US legal framework for, 17
WHO guidelines, 25, 40–42
Albedo feedback, 291
Allan variance method, 429
American Trucking Associations v. EPA, 21
Ammonia, 481
Amperometric gas sensor, 439
Anthropogenic, 347
AQMesh systems, 444
Aqueous solution concentration, 109
ARTEMIS project, 61
Atmospheric chemistry, 281–282
Automobile propulsion technologies, 71
Average exposure, 53
Average-speed models, 58
Aviation, 327
Aviation and atmosphere
air chemistry changes by air traffic, 338–339
airline emission index, 341–343
cloudiness, 335–338
definition, 327
emission reduction policy, 340
emissions, climatically relevant substances, 329–335
European Directive, 340–341
transport sector’s contribution, 339–340
Aviation-induced cloudiness (AIC), 327
Avogadro’s number, 91
B
Background level, 385
Backscattered electrons (BSEs), 126
Band gap, 423, 433
Benzene, 480
Best available technology (BAT), 385
Bimolecular catalyst mechanism, 496
Biochar, 301
Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage
(BECCS), 301
Biogenic, 347, 385
Biosphere, 279, 385
damage, 393
Boltzmann distribution, 104
Boundary layer, 215
Brownian motion, 92, 112
Building and street scales, 163
Built environment sector
heatwave impacts, 463–465
Buoyancy, 150
By-products, 482, 497, 501, 505
C
Cadmium, 482
Cap and trade policy, 483
Carbon capture and storage (CCS), 302–306, 500, 501
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR), 300–302
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
activated carbon fiber filter, 104
filtration performance, 104
free-standing SWNT films, 99
high-filtration efficiency, 98
3-layer CNT filter structure, 101
multi-walled CNTs, 98, 99
quartz fiber filters, 102, 103
Catalytic technology, 496–497
Centrifugal particle mass analyzer (CPMA), 117
Channel capacity, 429
Chemical transport model, 373
Chemisorption, 432, 494
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), 373, 385
Clean Air Act (CAA), 17, 37, 485
Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC), 19
Climate, 239
Climate change, 230, 385
adaptation (see Adaptation)
anthropocene, 284–285
ethics and philosophy (see Ethics and philosophy)
greenhouse gases, 283–284, 286–289
Hadley cell, 292
hydrological cycle, 291
mitigation (see Mitigation)
monitoring, 395
oceans, 289–291
oxygen, 289
particulate matter, 283
polar amplification, 291
sixth mass extinction, 293
soil carbon content and permafrost, 292
surface temperature, 285–286
sustainability and (see Sustainability)
Climate hazards, 280
Climate-related risk, hazard, vulnerability and
exposure, 300
Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), 283, 307
Cloud droplet activation, 239
Coal, 9
Coarse particles, 194, 207
Coefficient of performance (COP), 149
Cohort study, 347
Cold ironing, 73
Cold-start emissions, 55
Combustion, 53–55
Command and control, 385
Compressed natural gas, 71
Concentration-response functions (CRFs), 386
Condensation particle counter (CPC), 121–122
Conference of the Parties (COP), 280, 340
Conservative stability, 426
Consolidated sustainability metrics, 386
Contrails, 327
Conventional mapping techniques, 231
Corona crises (COVID-19), 1, 2
Coupled chemistry-climate model (CCM), 373
514
Index
particulate matter, 27–32
erocess for developing and issuing National Ambient
Air quality Standards, 19–22
sources of information for setting, 26–27
US legal framework for, 17
WHO guidelines, 25, 40–42
Albedo feedback, 291
Allan variance method, 429
American Trucking Associations v. EPA, 21
Ammonia, 481
Amperometric gas sensor, 439
Anthropogenic, 347
AQMesh systems, 444
Aqueous solution concentration, 109
ARTEMIS project, 61
Atmospheric chemistry, 281–282
Automobile propulsion technologies, 71
Average exposure, 53
Average-speed models, 58
Aviation, 327
Aviation and atmosphere
air chemistry changes by air traffic, 338–339
airline emission index, 341–343
cloudiness, 335–338
definition, 327
emission reduction policy, 340
emissions, climatically relevant substances, 329–335
European Directive, 340–341
transport sector’s contribution, 339–340
Aviation-induced cloudiness (AIC), 327
Avogadro’s number, 91
B
Background level, 385
Backscattered electrons (BSEs), 126
Band gap, 423, 433
Benzene, 480
Best available technology (BAT), 385
Bimolecular catalyst mechanism, 496
Biochar, 301
Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage
(BECCS), 301
Biogenic, 347, 385
Biosphere, 279, 385
damage, 393
Boltzmann distribution, 104
Boundary layer, 215
Brownian motion, 92, 112
Building and street scales, 163
Built environment sector
heatwave impacts, 463–465
Buoyancy, 150
By-products, 482, 497, 501, 505
C
Cadmium, 482
Cap and trade policy, 483
Carbon capture and storage (CCS), 302–306, 500, 501
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR), 300–302
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
activated carbon fiber filter, 104
filtration performance, 104
free-standing SWNT films, 99
high-filtration efficiency, 98
3-layer CNT filter structure, 101
multi-walled CNTs, 98, 99
quartz fiber filters, 102, 103
Catalytic technology, 496–497
Centrifugal particle mass analyzer (CPMA), 117
Channel capacity, 429
Chemical transport model, 373
Chemisorption, 432, 494
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), 373, 385
Clean Air Act (CAA), 17, 37, 485
Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC), 19
Climate, 239
Climate change, 230, 385
adaptation (see Adaptation)
anthropocene, 284–285
ethics and philosophy (see Ethics and philosophy)
greenhouse gases, 283–284, 286–289
Hadley cell, 292
hydrological cycle, 291
mitigation (see Mitigation)
monitoring, 395
oceans, 289–291
oxygen, 289
particulate matter, 283
polar amplification, 291
sixth mass extinction, 293
soil carbon content and permafrost, 292
surface temperature, 285–286
sustainability and (see Sustainability)
Climate hazards, 280
Climate-related risk, hazard, vulnerability and
exposure, 300
Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), 283, 307
Cloud droplet activation, 239
Coal, 9
Coarse particles, 194, 207
Coefficient of performance (COP), 149
Cohort study, 347
Cold ironing, 73
Cold-start emissions, 55
Combustion, 53–55
Command and control, 385
Compressed natural gas, 71
Concentration-response functions (CRFs), 386
Condensation particle counter (CPC), 121–122
Conference of the Parties (COP), 280, 340
Conservative stability, 426
Consolidated sustainability metrics, 386
Contrails, 327
Conventional mapping techniques, 231
Corona crises (COVID-19), 1, 2
Coupled chemistry-climate model (CCM), 373
514
Index