the attenuated atmospheric aerosol backscatter profiles illustrate the vertical aerosol structure [58]. In
the case shown, the main boundary layer temperature inversion is at ~1,500 m and within the boundary layer there is a surface-mixed layer at 500 m.
The peak aerosol burden occurs in the surfacemixed layer and corresponds to a European pollution
plume
advecting
out
into
the
Atlantic. Significant aerosol backscatter (and hence
aerosol loading) is seen in the residual boundary
layer between 1,000 and 2,000 m. Above 2,000 m,
in the free troposphere, very clean aerosol levels are
seen.
Figure 11 displays a 10-year climatology of
accumulation mode zonal vertical distributions
demonstrating that the Northern Hemisphere
from 60
N to 20
into the Southern Hemisphere
contains the highest particle number concentrations (~700 cm
À3 ). The cleanest concentrations
occur in and around Antarctica, while the second
cleanest is in the upper troposphere–stratosphere
region.
180°W
120°W
60°W
60°N
60°S
0°
60°N
60°S
0°
0°
60°E
120°E
180°
180°W
120°W
60°W
0°
0
1
2
5
10 20
50 100 200
Particle concentration [cm –3 STP]
500 750 1000 1500 2500 5000
60°E
120°E
180°
Aerosol in Global
Atmosphere,
Fig. 9 Climatological
annual means of simulated
accumulation mode aerosol
particle concentration
obtained from a 10-year
integration. The
geographical distribution is
of the lowermost model
layer, which is about 60 m
thick. (Copyright European
Geophysical Union 2006.
Reprinted from [59])
500
8
4
:
4
0
4
2
:
2
0
0
0
:
0
0
Time (UTC)
6
3
:
9
0
2
1
:
7
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
sr
−1
m
−1
1.4
1.6
1.8
Attenuated Backscatter Coefficient
2
x 10
−3
1000
1500
2000
2500
Range (m)
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Aerosol in Global Atmosphere, Fig. 10 LIDAR aerosol attenuated backscatter vertical profiles of the atmospheric boundary layer and free troposphere.
Measurements were taken at the Mace Head Atmospheric
Research Station on the Irish Atlantic coastline. Measurements were taken during polluted continental air outflow
from Europe into the Atlantic region
Aerosol in Global Atmosphere
257
the case shown, the main boundary layer temperature inversion is at ~1,500 m and within the boundary layer there is a surface-mixed layer at 500 m.
The peak aerosol burden occurs in the surfacemixed layer and corresponds to a European pollution
plume
advecting
out
into
the
Atlantic. Significant aerosol backscatter (and hence
aerosol loading) is seen in the residual boundary
layer between 1,000 and 2,000 m. Above 2,000 m,
in the free troposphere, very clean aerosol levels are
seen.
Figure 11 displays a 10-year climatology of
accumulation mode zonal vertical distributions
demonstrating that the Northern Hemisphere
from 60
N to 20
into the Southern Hemisphere
contains the highest particle number concentrations (~700 cm
À3 ). The cleanest concentrations
occur in and around Antarctica, while the second
cleanest is in the upper troposphere–stratosphere
region.
180°W
120°W
60°W
60°N
60°S
0°
60°N
60°S
0°
0°
60°E
120°E
180°
180°W
120°W
60°W
0°
0
1
2
5
10 20
50 100 200
Particle concentration [cm –3 STP]
500 750 1000 1500 2500 5000
60°E
120°E
180°
Aerosol in Global
Atmosphere,
Fig. 9 Climatological
annual means of simulated
accumulation mode aerosol
particle concentration
obtained from a 10-year
integration. The
geographical distribution is
of the lowermost model
layer, which is about 60 m
thick. (Copyright European
Geophysical Union 2006.
Reprinted from [59])
500
8
4
:
4
0
4
2
:
2
0
0
0
:
0
0
Time (UTC)
6
3
:
9
0
2
1
:
7
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
sr
−1
m
−1
1.4
1.6
1.8
Attenuated Backscatter Coefficient
2
x 10
−3
1000
1500
2000
2500
Range (m)
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Aerosol in Global Atmosphere, Fig. 10 LIDAR aerosol attenuated backscatter vertical profiles of the atmospheric boundary layer and free troposphere.
Measurements were taken at the Mace Head Atmospheric
Research Station on the Irish Atlantic coastline. Measurements were taken during polluted continental air outflow
from Europe into the Atlantic region
Aerosol in Global Atmosphere
257