filtration and additional antibacterial efficacy. Sci
Total Environ 409(19):4132–4138
67. Karwa AN, Tatarchuk BJ (2012) Aerosol filtration
enhancement using carbon nanostructures synthesized within a sintered nickel microfibrous matrix.
Sep Purif Technol 87:84–94
68. Li P, Wang C, Li Z, Zong Y, Zhang Y, Yang X, Li S,
Wei F (2014) Hierarchical carbon-nanotube/quartzfiber films with gradient nanostructures for high efficiency and long service life air filters. RSC Adv
4(96):54115–54121
69. Wang C, Li P, Zong Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Wei F (2014)
A high efficiency particulate air filter based on
agglomerated carbon nanotube fluidized bed. Carbon
79:424–431
70. Schnelle KB Jr, Dunn RF, Ternes ME (2015) Air
pollution control technology handbook. CRC press,
Boca Raton
71. Colls J, Tiwary A (2017) Air pollution: measurement, modelling and mitigation. CRC Press,
London/New York
72. Zhuang Y, Kim YJ, Lee TG, Biswas P (2000) Experimental and theoretical studies of ultra-fine particle
behavior in electrostatic precipitators. J Electrost
48(3–4):245–260
73. Kim J-H, Lee H-S, Kim H-H, Ogata A (2010)
Electrospray with electrostatic precipitator enhances
fine particles collection efficiency. J Electrost
68(4):305–310
74. Dey L, Venkataraman C (2012) A wet electrostatic
precipitator (WESP) for soft nanoparticle collection.
Aerosol Sci Technol 46(7):750–759
75. Chen T-M, Tsai C-J, Yan S-Y, Li S-N (2014) An
efficient wet electrostatic precipitator for removing
nanoparticles, submicron and micron-sized particles.
Sep Purif Technol 136:27–35
76. Huang S-H, Chen C-C (2003) Loading characteristics of a miniature wire-plate electrostatic precipitator. Aerosol Sci Technol 37(2):109–121
77. Jaworek A, Czech T, Rajch E, Lackowski M (2006)
Laboratory studies of back-discharge in fly ash.
J Electrost 64(5):326–337
78. Li Z, Liu Y, Xing Y, Tran T-M-P, Le T-C, Tsai C-J
(2015) Novel wire-on-plate electrostatic precipitator
(WOP-EP) for controlling fine particle and nanoparticle
pollution.
Environ
Sci
Technol
49(14):8683–8690
79. de Oliveira AE, Guerra VG (2018) Influence of particle concentration and residence time on the efficiency of nanoparticulate collection by electrostatic
precipitation. J Electrost 96:1–9
80. de Oliveira AE, Guerra VG (2019) Effect of low gas
velocity on the nanoparticle collection performance
of an electrostatic precipitator. Sep Sci Technol
54(7):1211–1220
81. Naito M, Yokoyama T, Hosokawa K, Nogi K (2018)
Nanoparticle technology handbook. Elsevier,
Amsterdam
82. Boddu S, Gutti V, Meyer R, Ghosh T, Tompson R,
Loyalka S (2011) Carbon nanoparticle generation,
collection, and characterization using a spark generator and a thermophoretic deposition cell. Nucl
Technol 173(3):318–326
83. Brown DP, Biswas P, Rubin SG (1994) Transport and
deposition of particles in gas turbines: effects of
convection, diffusion, thermophoresis, inertial
impaction and coagulation. American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, New York
84. Tsai C-J, Lin J-S, Aggarwal SG, Chen D-R
(2004) Thermophoretic deposition of particles in
laminar and turbulent tube flows. Aerosol Sci
Technol 38(2):131–139
85. Tsai C-J, Lu H-C (1995) Design and evaluation of a
plate-to-plate thermophoretic precipitator. Aerosol
Sci Technol 22(2):172–180
86. Gonzalez D, Nasibulin AG, Baklanov AM,
Shandakov SD, Brown DP, Queipo P, Kauppinen EI
(2005) A new thermophoretic precipitator for collection of nanometer-sized aerosol particles. Aerosol Sci
Technol 39(11):1064–1071
87. Ladino L, Stetzer O, Hattendorf B, Günther D,
Croft B, Lohmann U (2011) Experimental study of
collection efficiencies between submicron aerosols
and cloud droplets. J Atmos Sci 68(9):1853–1864
88. Sparks LE, Pilat MJ (1970) Effect of diffusiophoresis
on particle collection by wet scrubbers. Atmos Environ (1967) 4(6):651–660
89. Katoshevski D, Dodin Z, Ziskind G (2005) Aerosol
clustering in oscillating flows: mathematical analysis. Atomization Sprays 15(4):401–412
90. Ruzal-Mendelevich M, Katoshevski D, Sher
E (2016) Controlling nanoparticles emission with
particle-grouping exhaust-pipe. Fuel 166:116–123
91. Zhao B, Li M, Wang L-Y, Katoshevski D, Chung T-S
(2018) Particle grouping and agglomeration assisted
by damper oscillation systems. Sep Purif Technol
207:12–19
92. Hoffmann TL, Koopmann GH (1996) Visualization
of acoustic particle interaction and agglomeration:
theory and experiments. J Acoust Soc Am
99(4):2130–2141
93. Noorpoor A, Sadighzadeh A, Habibnejad H (2013)
Influence of acoustic waves on deposition and coagulation of fine particles. Int J Environ Res
7(1):131–138
94. Yuen W, Fu S, Kwan JK, Chao CY (2014) The use of
nonlinear acoustics as an energy-efficient technique
for aerosol removal. Aerosol Sci Technol
48(9):907–915
95. Zu K, Yao Y, Cai M, Zhao F, Cheng D (2017) Modeling and experimental study on acoustic agglomeration for dust particle removal. J Aerosol Sci
114:62–76
96. Cheng M, Lee P, Berner A, Shaw D (1983) Orthokinetic agglomeration in an intense acoustic field.
J Colloid Interface Sci 91(1):176–187
130
Airborne Nanoparticles: Control and Detection
Total Environ 409(19):4132–4138
67. Karwa AN, Tatarchuk BJ (2012) Aerosol filtration
enhancement using carbon nanostructures synthesized within a sintered nickel microfibrous matrix.
Sep Purif Technol 87:84–94
68. Li P, Wang C, Li Z, Zong Y, Zhang Y, Yang X, Li S,
Wei F (2014) Hierarchical carbon-nanotube/quartzfiber films with gradient nanostructures for high efficiency and long service life air filters. RSC Adv
4(96):54115–54121
69. Wang C, Li P, Zong Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Wei F (2014)
A high efficiency particulate air filter based on
agglomerated carbon nanotube fluidized bed. Carbon
79:424–431
70. Schnelle KB Jr, Dunn RF, Ternes ME (2015) Air
pollution control technology handbook. CRC press,
Boca Raton
71. Colls J, Tiwary A (2017) Air pollution: measurement, modelling and mitigation. CRC Press,
London/New York
72. Zhuang Y, Kim YJ, Lee TG, Biswas P (2000) Experimental and theoretical studies of ultra-fine particle
behavior in electrostatic precipitators. J Electrost
48(3–4):245–260
73. Kim J-H, Lee H-S, Kim H-H, Ogata A (2010)
Electrospray with electrostatic precipitator enhances
fine particles collection efficiency. J Electrost
68(4):305–310
74. Dey L, Venkataraman C (2012) A wet electrostatic
precipitator (WESP) for soft nanoparticle collection.
Aerosol Sci Technol 46(7):750–759
75. Chen T-M, Tsai C-J, Yan S-Y, Li S-N (2014) An
efficient wet electrostatic precipitator for removing
nanoparticles, submicron and micron-sized particles.
Sep Purif Technol 136:27–35
76. Huang S-H, Chen C-C (2003) Loading characteristics of a miniature wire-plate electrostatic precipitator. Aerosol Sci Technol 37(2):109–121
77. Jaworek A, Czech T, Rajch E, Lackowski M (2006)
Laboratory studies of back-discharge in fly ash.
J Electrost 64(5):326–337
78. Li Z, Liu Y, Xing Y, Tran T-M-P, Le T-C, Tsai C-J
(2015) Novel wire-on-plate electrostatic precipitator
(WOP-EP) for controlling fine particle and nanoparticle
pollution.
Environ
Sci
Technol
49(14):8683–8690
79. de Oliveira AE, Guerra VG (2018) Influence of particle concentration and residence time on the efficiency of nanoparticulate collection by electrostatic
precipitation. J Electrost 96:1–9
80. de Oliveira AE, Guerra VG (2019) Effect of low gas
velocity on the nanoparticle collection performance
of an electrostatic precipitator. Sep Sci Technol
54(7):1211–1220
81. Naito M, Yokoyama T, Hosokawa K, Nogi K (2018)
Nanoparticle technology handbook. Elsevier,
Amsterdam
82. Boddu S, Gutti V, Meyer R, Ghosh T, Tompson R,
Loyalka S (2011) Carbon nanoparticle generation,
collection, and characterization using a spark generator and a thermophoretic deposition cell. Nucl
Technol 173(3):318–326
83. Brown DP, Biswas P, Rubin SG (1994) Transport and
deposition of particles in gas turbines: effects of
convection, diffusion, thermophoresis, inertial
impaction and coagulation. American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, New York
84. Tsai C-J, Lin J-S, Aggarwal SG, Chen D-R
(2004) Thermophoretic deposition of particles in
laminar and turbulent tube flows. Aerosol Sci
Technol 38(2):131–139
85. Tsai C-J, Lu H-C (1995) Design and evaluation of a
plate-to-plate thermophoretic precipitator. Aerosol
Sci Technol 22(2):172–180
86. Gonzalez D, Nasibulin AG, Baklanov AM,
Shandakov SD, Brown DP, Queipo P, Kauppinen EI
(2005) A new thermophoretic precipitator for collection of nanometer-sized aerosol particles. Aerosol Sci
Technol 39(11):1064–1071
87. Ladino L, Stetzer O, Hattendorf B, Günther D,
Croft B, Lohmann U (2011) Experimental study of
collection efficiencies between submicron aerosols
and cloud droplets. J Atmos Sci 68(9):1853–1864
88. Sparks LE, Pilat MJ (1970) Effect of diffusiophoresis
on particle collection by wet scrubbers. Atmos Environ (1967) 4(6):651–660
89. Katoshevski D, Dodin Z, Ziskind G (2005) Aerosol
clustering in oscillating flows: mathematical analysis. Atomization Sprays 15(4):401–412
90. Ruzal-Mendelevich M, Katoshevski D, Sher
E (2016) Controlling nanoparticles emission with
particle-grouping exhaust-pipe. Fuel 166:116–123
91. Zhao B, Li M, Wang L-Y, Katoshevski D, Chung T-S
(2018) Particle grouping and agglomeration assisted
by damper oscillation systems. Sep Purif Technol
207:12–19
92. Hoffmann TL, Koopmann GH (1996) Visualization
of acoustic particle interaction and agglomeration:
theory and experiments. J Acoust Soc Am
99(4):2130–2141
93. Noorpoor A, Sadighzadeh A, Habibnejad H (2013)
Influence of acoustic waves on deposition and coagulation of fine particles. Int J Environ Res
7(1):131–138
94. Yuen W, Fu S, Kwan JK, Chao CY (2014) The use of
nonlinear acoustics as an energy-efficient technique
for aerosol removal. Aerosol Sci Technol
48(9):907–915
95. Zu K, Yao Y, Cai M, Zhao F, Cheng D (2017) Modeling and experimental study on acoustic agglomeration for dust particle removal. J Aerosol Sci
114:62–76
96. Cheng M, Lee P, Berner A, Shaw D (1983) Orthokinetic agglomeration in an intense acoustic field.
J Colloid Interface Sci 91(1):176–187
130
Airborne Nanoparticles: Control and Detection