membranes with enhanced air filtration performance.
J Colloid Interface Sci 417:18–26
38. Choi H-J, Kumita M, Hayashi S, Yuasa H,
Kamiyama M, Seto T, Tsai C-J, Otani Y (2017) Filtration properties of nanofiber/microfiber mixed filter
and prediction of its performance. Aerosol Air Qual
Res 17:1052–1062
39. Tonin C, Aluigi A, Varesano A, Vineis C (2010)
Keratin-based nanofibres. InTechOpen, London,
UK, https://doi.org/10.5772/8151, pp 139–158
40. Grafe TH, Graham KM (2003) Nanofiber webs from
electrospinning. In: Nonwovens in filtration-fifth
international conference, Stuttgart, 2003, pp 1–5
41. Morozov VN, Mikheev AY (2012) Water-soluble
polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofilters manufactured by
electrospray-neutralization technique. J Membr Sci
403:110–120
42. Liu Y, Park M, Ding B, Kim J, El-Newehy M,
Al-Deyab SS, Kim H-Y (2015) Facile electrospun
polyacrylonitrile/poly (acrylic acid) nanofibrous
membranes for high efficiency particulate air filtration. Fiber Polym 16(3):629–633
43. Wang Z, Zhao C, Pan Z (2015) Porous bead-on-string
poly (lactic acid) fibrous membranes for air filtration.
J Colloid Interface Sci 441:121–129
44. Li X, Kong H, He J (2015) Study on highly filtration
efficiency of electrospun polyvinyl alcohol microporous webs. Indian J Phys 89(2):175–179
45. Wang N, Zhu Z, Sheng J, Al-Deyab SS, Yu J, Ding
B (2014) Superamphiphobic nanofibrous membranes
for effective filtration of fine particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 428:41–48
46. Zhang S, Liu H, Yu J, Luo W, Ding B (2016) Microwave structured polyamide-6 nanofiber/net membrane with embedded poly (m-phenylene
isophthalamide) staple fibers for effective ultrafine
particle filtration. J Mater Chem A 4(16):6149–6157
47. Li P, Wang C, Zhang Y, Wei F (2014) Air filtration in
the free molecular flow regime: a review of highefficiency particulate air filters based on carbon nanotubes. Small 10(22):4543–4561
48. Wang H, Zheng G-F, Wang X, Sun D-H (2010) Study
on the air filtration performance of nanofibrous membranes compared with conventional fibrous filters. In:
2010 IEEE 5th international conference on nano/
micro engineered and molecular systems, 2010.
IEEE, pp 387–390
49. Kim K, Lee C, Kim IW, Kim J (2009) Performance
modification of a melt-blown filter medium via an
additional nano-web layer prepared by electrospinning. Fiber Polym 10(1):60–64
50. Wang S-X, Yap CC, He J, Chen C, Wong SY, Li
X (2016) Electrospinning: a facile technique for fabricating functional nanofibers for environmental
applications. Nanotechnol Rev 5(1):51–73
51. Zhang Q, Welch J, Park H, Wu C-Y, Sigmund W,
Marijnissen JC (2010) Improvement in nanofiber
filtration by multiple thin layers of nanofiber mats.
J Aerosol Sci 41(2):230–236
52. Yun KM, Hogan CJ Jr, Matsubayashi Y, Kawabe M,
Iskandar F, Okuyama K (2007) Nanoparticle
filtration by electrospun polymer fibers. Chem Eng
Sci 62(17):4751–4759
53. Hung C-H, Leung WW-F (2011) Filtration of nanoaerosol using nanofiber filter under low Peclet number and transitional flow regime. Sep Purif Technol
79(1):34–42
54. Wang S, Zhao X, Yin X, Yu J, Ding B (2016) Electret
polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers hybridized by
polytetrafluoroethylene nanoparticles for highefficiency air filtration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
8(36):23985–23994
55. Bortolassi ACC, Nagarajan S, de Araújo Lima B,
Guerra VG, Aguiar ML, Huon V, Soussan L,
Cornu D, Miele P, Bechelany M (2019) Efficient
nanoparticles removal and bactericidal action of
electrospun nanofibers membranes for air filtration.
Mater Sci Eng C 102:718–729
56. Liu C, Hsu P-C, Lee H-W, Ye M, Zheng G, Liu N,
Li W, Cui Y (2015) Transparent air filter for highefficiency PM 2.5 capture. Nat Commun 6:6205
57. Vitchuli N, Shi Q, Nowak J, McCord M,
Bourham M, Zhang X (2010) Electrospun ultrathin
nylon fibers for protective applications. J Appl Polym
Sci 116(4):2181–2187
58. Kuo Y-Y, Bruno FC, Wang J (2014) Filtration performance against nanoparticles by electrospun
nylon-6 media containing ultrathin nanofibers. Aerosol Sci Technol 48(12):1332–1344
59. Wang N, Yang Y, Al-Deyab SS, El-Newehy M, Yu J,
Ding B (2015) Ultra-light 3D nanofibre-nets binary
structured nylon 6–polyacrylonitrile membranes for
efficient filtration of fine particulate matter. J Mater
Chem A 3(47):23946–23954
60. Iijima S (1991) Helical microtubules of graphitic
carbon. Nature 354(6348):56
61. Nasibulin AG, Kaskela A, Mustonen K, Anisimov
AS, Ruiz V, Kivisto S, Rackauskas S, Timmermans
MY, Pudas M, Aitchison B (2011) Multifunctional
free-standing single-walled carbon nanotube films.
ACS Nano 5(4):3214–3221
62. Yildiz O, Bradford PD (2013) Aligned carbon nanotube sheet high efficiency particulate air filters. Carbon 64:295–304
63. Li P, Zong Y, Zhang Y, Yang M, Zhang R, Li S, Wei
F (2013) In situ fabrication of depth-type hierarchical
CNT/quartz fiber filters for high efficiency filtration
of sub-micron aerosols and high water repellency.
Nanoscale 5(8):3367–3372
64. Zhao Y, Low Z-X, Feng S, Zhong Z, Wang Y, Yao
Z (2017) Multifunctional hybrid porous filters with
hierarchical structures for simultaneous removal of
indoor VOCs, dusts and microorganisms. Nanoscale
9(17):5433–5444
65. Yang S, Zhu Z, Wei F, Yang X (2017) Carbon nanotubes/activated carbon fiber based air filter media for
simultaneous removal of particulate matter and
ozone. Build Environ 125:60–66
66. Park JH, Yoon KY, Na H, Kim YS, Hwang J, Kim J,
Yoon YH (2011) Fabrication of a multi-walled carbon nanotube-deposited glass fiber air filter for the
enhancement of nano and submicron aerosol particle
Airborne Nanoparticles: Control and Detection
129
J Colloid Interface Sci 417:18–26
38. Choi H-J, Kumita M, Hayashi S, Yuasa H,
Kamiyama M, Seto T, Tsai C-J, Otani Y (2017) Filtration properties of nanofiber/microfiber mixed filter
and prediction of its performance. Aerosol Air Qual
Res 17:1052–1062
39. Tonin C, Aluigi A, Varesano A, Vineis C (2010)
Keratin-based nanofibres. InTechOpen, London,
UK, https://doi.org/10.5772/8151, pp 139–158
40. Grafe TH, Graham KM (2003) Nanofiber webs from
electrospinning. In: Nonwovens in filtration-fifth
international conference, Stuttgart, 2003, pp 1–5
41. Morozov VN, Mikheev AY (2012) Water-soluble
polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofilters manufactured by
electrospray-neutralization technique. J Membr Sci
403:110–120
42. Liu Y, Park M, Ding B, Kim J, El-Newehy M,
Al-Deyab SS, Kim H-Y (2015) Facile electrospun
polyacrylonitrile/poly (acrylic acid) nanofibrous
membranes for high efficiency particulate air filtration. Fiber Polym 16(3):629–633
43. Wang Z, Zhao C, Pan Z (2015) Porous bead-on-string
poly (lactic acid) fibrous membranes for air filtration.
J Colloid Interface Sci 441:121–129
44. Li X, Kong H, He J (2015) Study on highly filtration
efficiency of electrospun polyvinyl alcohol microporous webs. Indian J Phys 89(2):175–179
45. Wang N, Zhu Z, Sheng J, Al-Deyab SS, Yu J, Ding
B (2014) Superamphiphobic nanofibrous membranes
for effective filtration of fine particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 428:41–48
46. Zhang S, Liu H, Yu J, Luo W, Ding B (2016) Microwave structured polyamide-6 nanofiber/net membrane with embedded poly (m-phenylene
isophthalamide) staple fibers for effective ultrafine
particle filtration. J Mater Chem A 4(16):6149–6157
47. Li P, Wang C, Zhang Y, Wei F (2014) Air filtration in
the free molecular flow regime: a review of highefficiency particulate air filters based on carbon nanotubes. Small 10(22):4543–4561
48. Wang H, Zheng G-F, Wang X, Sun D-H (2010) Study
on the air filtration performance of nanofibrous membranes compared with conventional fibrous filters. In:
2010 IEEE 5th international conference on nano/
micro engineered and molecular systems, 2010.
IEEE, pp 387–390
49. Kim K, Lee C, Kim IW, Kim J (2009) Performance
modification of a melt-blown filter medium via an
additional nano-web layer prepared by electrospinning. Fiber Polym 10(1):60–64
50. Wang S-X, Yap CC, He J, Chen C, Wong SY, Li
X (2016) Electrospinning: a facile technique for fabricating functional nanofibers for environmental
applications. Nanotechnol Rev 5(1):51–73
51. Zhang Q, Welch J, Park H, Wu C-Y, Sigmund W,
Marijnissen JC (2010) Improvement in nanofiber
filtration by multiple thin layers of nanofiber mats.
J Aerosol Sci 41(2):230–236
52. Yun KM, Hogan CJ Jr, Matsubayashi Y, Kawabe M,
Iskandar F, Okuyama K (2007) Nanoparticle
filtration by electrospun polymer fibers. Chem Eng
Sci 62(17):4751–4759
53. Hung C-H, Leung WW-F (2011) Filtration of nanoaerosol using nanofiber filter under low Peclet number and transitional flow regime. Sep Purif Technol
79(1):34–42
54. Wang S, Zhao X, Yin X, Yu J, Ding B (2016) Electret
polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibers hybridized by
polytetrafluoroethylene nanoparticles for highefficiency air filtration. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
8(36):23985–23994
55. Bortolassi ACC, Nagarajan S, de Araújo Lima B,
Guerra VG, Aguiar ML, Huon V, Soussan L,
Cornu D, Miele P, Bechelany M (2019) Efficient
nanoparticles removal and bactericidal action of
electrospun nanofibers membranes for air filtration.
Mater Sci Eng C 102:718–729
56. Liu C, Hsu P-C, Lee H-W, Ye M, Zheng G, Liu N,
Li W, Cui Y (2015) Transparent air filter for highefficiency PM 2.5 capture. Nat Commun 6:6205
57. Vitchuli N, Shi Q, Nowak J, McCord M,
Bourham M, Zhang X (2010) Electrospun ultrathin
nylon fibers for protective applications. J Appl Polym
Sci 116(4):2181–2187
58. Kuo Y-Y, Bruno FC, Wang J (2014) Filtration performance against nanoparticles by electrospun
nylon-6 media containing ultrathin nanofibers. Aerosol Sci Technol 48(12):1332–1344
59. Wang N, Yang Y, Al-Deyab SS, El-Newehy M, Yu J,
Ding B (2015) Ultra-light 3D nanofibre-nets binary
structured nylon 6–polyacrylonitrile membranes for
efficient filtration of fine particulate matter. J Mater
Chem A 3(47):23946–23954
60. Iijima S (1991) Helical microtubules of graphitic
carbon. Nature 354(6348):56
61. Nasibulin AG, Kaskela A, Mustonen K, Anisimov
AS, Ruiz V, Kivisto S, Rackauskas S, Timmermans
MY, Pudas M, Aitchison B (2011) Multifunctional
free-standing single-walled carbon nanotube films.
ACS Nano 5(4):3214–3221
62. Yildiz O, Bradford PD (2013) Aligned carbon nanotube sheet high efficiency particulate air filters. Carbon 64:295–304
63. Li P, Zong Y, Zhang Y, Yang M, Zhang R, Li S, Wei
F (2013) In situ fabrication of depth-type hierarchical
CNT/quartz fiber filters for high efficiency filtration
of sub-micron aerosols and high water repellency.
Nanoscale 5(8):3367–3372
64. Zhao Y, Low Z-X, Feng S, Zhong Z, Wang Y, Yao
Z (2017) Multifunctional hybrid porous filters with
hierarchical structures for simultaneous removal of
indoor VOCs, dusts and microorganisms. Nanoscale
9(17):5433–5444
65. Yang S, Zhu Z, Wei F, Yang X (2017) Carbon nanotubes/activated carbon fiber based air filter media for
simultaneous removal of particulate matter and
ozone. Build Environ 125:60–66
66. Park JH, Yoon KY, Na H, Kim YS, Hwang J, Kim J,
Yoon YH (2011) Fabrication of a multi-walled carbon nanotube-deposited glass fiber air filter for the
enhancement of nano and submicron aerosol particle
Airborne Nanoparticles: Control and Detection
129