Eleftheriadis K, Faustini A (2017) Association
between short-term exposure to ultrafine particles
and mortality in eight European urban areas. Epidemiology 28(2):172–180
9. Tobías A, Rivas I, Reche C, Alastuey A,
Rodríguez S, Fernández-Camacho R, de la Campa
AMS, de la Rosa J, Sunyer J, Querol X (2018) Shortterm effects of ultrafine particles on daily mortality
by primary vehicle exhaust versus secondary origin
in three Spanish cities. Environ Int 111:144–151
10. Heinzerling A, Hsu J, Yip F (2016) Respiratory
health effects of ultrafine particles in children: a literature review. Water Air Soil Pollut 227(1):32
11. Samet JM, Graff D, Berntsen J, Ghio AJ, Huang
Y-CT, Devlin RB (2007) A comparison of studies
on the effects of controlled exposure to fine, coarse
and ultrafine ambient particulate matter from a single
location. Inhal Toxicol 19(sup1):29–32
12. Liu Q, Liu D, Chen X, Zhang Q, Jiang J, Chen D-R
(2019) A cost-effective, miniature electrical ultrafine
particle sizer (mini-eUPS) for ultrafine particle (UFP)
monitoring network. Aerosol Air Qual Res (AAQR)
23:24
13. Du Y, Xu X, Chu M, Guo Y, Wang J (2016) Air
particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: the
epidemiological, biomedical and clinical evidence.
J Thorac Dis 8(1):E8
14. Li Y, Chen Q, Zhao H, Wang L, Tao R (2015) Variations in PM10, PM2. 5 and PM1. 0 in an urban area
of the Sichuan Basin and their relation to meteorological factors. Atmosphere 6(1):150–163
15. Oberdörster G, Oberdörster E, Oberdörster J (2005)
Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving
from studies of ultrafine particles. Environ Health
Perspect 113(7):823–839
16. Dhananjayan V, Ravichandran B, Sen S, Panjakumar
K (2019) Source, effect, and risk assessment of nanoparticles with special reference to occupational exposure. In: Nanoarchitectonics in biomedicine. William
Andrew Publishing, Norwich NY, USA, pp 643–676
17. Knudsen KB, Northeved H, Ek PK, Permin A,
Andresen TL, Larsen S, Wegener KM, Lam HR,
Lykkesfeldt J (2014) Differential toxicological
response to positively and negatively charged nanoparticles in the rat brain. Nanotoxicology
8(7):764–774
18. Li N, Sioutas C, Cho A, Schmitz D, Misra C,
Sempf J, Wang M, Oberley T, Froines J, Nel
A (2003) Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Environ
Health Perspect 111(4):455–460
19. Manigrasso M, Vernale C, Avino P (2017) Traffic
aerosol lobar doses deposited in the human respiratory
system.
Environ
Sci
Pollut
Res
24(16):13866–13873
20. Pekkanen J, Timonen KL, Ruuskanen J, Reponen A,
Mirme A (1997) Effects of ultrafine and fine particles
in urban air on peak expiratory flow among children
with asthmatic symptoms. Environ Res 74(1):24–33
21. Tiittanen P, Timonen K, Ruuskanen J, Mirme A,
Pekkanen J (1999) Fine particulate air pollution,
resuspended road dust and respiratory health among
symptomatic children. Eur Respir J 13(2):266–273
22. Brown DM, Wilson MR, MacNee W, Stone V,
Donaldson K (2001) Size-dependent proinflammatory effects of ultrafine polystyrene particles: a role for surface area and oxidative stress in the
enhanced activity of ultrafines. Toxicol Appl
Pharmacol 175(3):191–199
23. Agranovski I (2011) Aerosols: science and technology. Wiley, Weinheim
24. Hinds WC (2012) Aerosol technology: properties,
behavior, and measurement of airborne particles.
Wiley, Los Angeles
25. Ardkapan SR, Johnson MS, Yazdi S, Afshari A,
Bergsøe NC (2014) Filtration efficiency of an electrostatic fibrous filter: studying filtration dependency
on ultrafine particle exposure and composition.
J Aerosol Sci 72:14–20
26. Zhang R, Wei F (2019) High-efficiency particulate
air filters based on carbon nanotubes. In: Nanotube
superfiber materials. William Andrew Publishing,
Norwich NY, USA, pp 643–666
27. Viswanathan G, Kane DB, Lipowicz PJ (2004) High
efficiency fine particulate filtration using carbon
nanotube coatings. Adv Mater 16(22):2045–2049
28. Chen CY (1955) Filtration of aerosols by fibrous
media. Chem Rev 55(3):595–623
29. Zhang S, Rind NA, Tang N, Liu H, Yin X, Yu J, Ding
B (2019) Electrospun nanofibers for air filtration. In:
Electrospinning: nanofabrication and applications.
William Andrew Publishing, Norwich NY, USA, pp
365–389
30. Wang C-S, Otani Y (2012) Removal of nanoparticles
from gas streams by fibrous filters: a review. Ind Eng
Chem Res 52(1):5–17
31. Sambaer W, Zatloukal M, Kimmer D (2011) 3D
modeling of filtration process via polyurethane nanofiber based nonwoven filters prepared by electrospinning process. Chem Eng Sci 66(4):613–623
32. Gibson P, Schreuder-Gibson H, Rivin D (2001)
Transport properties of porous membranes based on
electrospun nanofibers. Colloids Surf Physicochem
Eng Aspects 187:469–481
33. Kadam VV, Wang L, Padhye R (2018) Electrospun
nanofibre materials to filter air pollutants–a review.
J Ind Text 47(8):2253–2280
34. Liu Q, Zhu J, Zhang L, Qiu Y (2018) Recent
advances in energy materials by electrospinning.
Renew Sust Energ Rev 81:1825–1858
35. Leung WW-F, Hung C-H, Yuen P-T (2010) Effect of
face velocity, nanofiber packing density and thickness on filtration performance of filters with nanofibers coated on a substrate. Sep Purif Technol
71(1):30–37
36. Zhang S, Liu H, Zuo F, Yin X, Yu J, Ding B (2017)
A controlled design of ripple-like polyamide-6 nanofiber/nets membrane for high-efficiency air filter.
Small 13(10):1603151
37. Wan H, Wang N, Yang J, Si Y, Chen K, Ding B,
Sun G, El-Newehy M, Al-Deyab SS, Yu J (2014)
Hierarchically structured polysulfone/titania fibrous
128
Airborne Nanoparticles: Control and Detection
between short-term exposure to ultrafine particles
and mortality in eight European urban areas. Epidemiology 28(2):172–180
9. Tobías A, Rivas I, Reche C, Alastuey A,
Rodríguez S, Fernández-Camacho R, de la Campa
AMS, de la Rosa J, Sunyer J, Querol X (2018) Shortterm effects of ultrafine particles on daily mortality
by primary vehicle exhaust versus secondary origin
in three Spanish cities. Environ Int 111:144–151
10. Heinzerling A, Hsu J, Yip F (2016) Respiratory
health effects of ultrafine particles in children: a literature review. Water Air Soil Pollut 227(1):32
11. Samet JM, Graff D, Berntsen J, Ghio AJ, Huang
Y-CT, Devlin RB (2007) A comparison of studies
on the effects of controlled exposure to fine, coarse
and ultrafine ambient particulate matter from a single
location. Inhal Toxicol 19(sup1):29–32
12. Liu Q, Liu D, Chen X, Zhang Q, Jiang J, Chen D-R
(2019) A cost-effective, miniature electrical ultrafine
particle sizer (mini-eUPS) for ultrafine particle (UFP)
monitoring network. Aerosol Air Qual Res (AAQR)
23:24
13. Du Y, Xu X, Chu M, Guo Y, Wang J (2016) Air
particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: the
epidemiological, biomedical and clinical evidence.
J Thorac Dis 8(1):E8
14. Li Y, Chen Q, Zhao H, Wang L, Tao R (2015) Variations in PM10, PM2. 5 and PM1. 0 in an urban area
of the Sichuan Basin and their relation to meteorological factors. Atmosphere 6(1):150–163
15. Oberdörster G, Oberdörster E, Oberdörster J (2005)
Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving
from studies of ultrafine particles. Environ Health
Perspect 113(7):823–839
16. Dhananjayan V, Ravichandran B, Sen S, Panjakumar
K (2019) Source, effect, and risk assessment of nanoparticles with special reference to occupational exposure. In: Nanoarchitectonics in biomedicine. William
Andrew Publishing, Norwich NY, USA, pp 643–676
17. Knudsen KB, Northeved H, Ek PK, Permin A,
Andresen TL, Larsen S, Wegener KM, Lam HR,
Lykkesfeldt J (2014) Differential toxicological
response to positively and negatively charged nanoparticles in the rat brain. Nanotoxicology
8(7):764–774
18. Li N, Sioutas C, Cho A, Schmitz D, Misra C,
Sempf J, Wang M, Oberley T, Froines J, Nel
A (2003) Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Environ
Health Perspect 111(4):455–460
19. Manigrasso M, Vernale C, Avino P (2017) Traffic
aerosol lobar doses deposited in the human respiratory
system.
Environ
Sci
Pollut
Res
24(16):13866–13873
20. Pekkanen J, Timonen KL, Ruuskanen J, Reponen A,
Mirme A (1997) Effects of ultrafine and fine particles
in urban air on peak expiratory flow among children
with asthmatic symptoms. Environ Res 74(1):24–33
21. Tiittanen P, Timonen K, Ruuskanen J, Mirme A,
Pekkanen J (1999) Fine particulate air pollution,
resuspended road dust and respiratory health among
symptomatic children. Eur Respir J 13(2):266–273
22. Brown DM, Wilson MR, MacNee W, Stone V,
Donaldson K (2001) Size-dependent proinflammatory effects of ultrafine polystyrene particles: a role for surface area and oxidative stress in the
enhanced activity of ultrafines. Toxicol Appl
Pharmacol 175(3):191–199
23. Agranovski I (2011) Aerosols: science and technology. Wiley, Weinheim
24. Hinds WC (2012) Aerosol technology: properties,
behavior, and measurement of airborne particles.
Wiley, Los Angeles
25. Ardkapan SR, Johnson MS, Yazdi S, Afshari A,
Bergsøe NC (2014) Filtration efficiency of an electrostatic fibrous filter: studying filtration dependency
on ultrafine particle exposure and composition.
J Aerosol Sci 72:14–20
26. Zhang R, Wei F (2019) High-efficiency particulate
air filters based on carbon nanotubes. In: Nanotube
superfiber materials. William Andrew Publishing,
Norwich NY, USA, pp 643–666
27. Viswanathan G, Kane DB, Lipowicz PJ (2004) High
efficiency fine particulate filtration using carbon
nanotube coatings. Adv Mater 16(22):2045–2049
28. Chen CY (1955) Filtration of aerosols by fibrous
media. Chem Rev 55(3):595–623
29. Zhang S, Rind NA, Tang N, Liu H, Yin X, Yu J, Ding
B (2019) Electrospun nanofibers for air filtration. In:
Electrospinning: nanofabrication and applications.
William Andrew Publishing, Norwich NY, USA, pp
365–389
30. Wang C-S, Otani Y (2012) Removal of nanoparticles
from gas streams by fibrous filters: a review. Ind Eng
Chem Res 52(1):5–17
31. Sambaer W, Zatloukal M, Kimmer D (2011) 3D
modeling of filtration process via polyurethane nanofiber based nonwoven filters prepared by electrospinning process. Chem Eng Sci 66(4):613–623
32. Gibson P, Schreuder-Gibson H, Rivin D (2001)
Transport properties of porous membranes based on
electrospun nanofibers. Colloids Surf Physicochem
Eng Aspects 187:469–481
33. Kadam VV, Wang L, Padhye R (2018) Electrospun
nanofibre materials to filter air pollutants–a review.
J Ind Text 47(8):2253–2280
34. Liu Q, Zhu J, Zhang L, Qiu Y (2018) Recent
advances in energy materials by electrospinning.
Renew Sust Energ Rev 81:1825–1858
35. Leung WW-F, Hung C-H, Yuen P-T (2010) Effect of
face velocity, nanofiber packing density and thickness on filtration performance of filters with nanofibers coated on a substrate. Sep Purif Technol
71(1):30–37
36. Zhang S, Liu H, Zuo F, Yin X, Yu J, Ding B (2017)
A controlled design of ripple-like polyamide-6 nanofiber/nets membrane for high-efficiency air filter.
Small 13(10):1603151
37. Wan H, Wang N, Yang J, Si Y, Chen K, Ding B,
Sun G, El-Newehy M, Al-Deyab SS, Yu J (2014)
Hierarchically structured polysulfone/titania fibrous
128
Airborne Nanoparticles: Control and Detection