7H9
7H9
7H9
*H9
*H9
*H9
0H9
0H9
0H9
.H9
H9
%HWDWURQ
*HQHUDWRUV
&\FORWURQV
/LQDFV
H H FROOLGHUV
7HYDWURQ
/+&
6\QFKURWURQV
FROOLGHUV
H9
H9
Equivalent energy of fixed target accelerator
5
basics of accelerators and of the art of inventiveness
FIGURE 1.6
Livingston plot of evolution of accelerators.
The Livingston plot also depicts that new accelerating
technologies replaced each other once the previous technology had reached its full potential. This evolution and saturation of particular acceleration technologies, and birth of the
new technologies, is a common phenomenon in any technological or scientific field — illustrated in Fig. 1.7.
The three most recent decades shown in Fig. 1.6, represented by Tevatron and LHC colliders, exhibit a much slower
exponential energy growth over time. This may be an indication that the existing technologies of acceleration came to
their maximum potential, and that further progress would
demand creation of new accelerating methods — one which
was more compact and more economical. There are several
emerging acceleration techniques, such as laser-driven and
beam-driven plasma acceleration, which can bring the Livingston plot back to the exponential path — which we will
further discuss later on.
FIGURE 1.7
Evolution of technologies —
saturation and replacement
by newer technologies.
7H9
7H9
*H9
*H9
*H9
0H9
0H9
0H9
.H9
H9
%HWDWURQ
*HQHUDWRUV
&\FORWURQV
/LQDFV
H H FROOLGHUV
7HYDWURQ
/+&
6\QFKURWURQV
FROOLGHUV
H9
H9
Equivalent energy of fixed target accelerator
5
basics of accelerators and of the art of inventiveness
FIGURE 1.6
Livingston plot of evolution of accelerators.
The Livingston plot also depicts that new accelerating
technologies replaced each other once the previous technology had reached its full potential. This evolution and saturation of particular acceleration technologies, and birth of the
new technologies, is a common phenomenon in any technological or scientific field — illustrated in Fig. 1.7.
The three most recent decades shown in Fig. 1.6, represented by Tevatron and LHC colliders, exhibit a much slower
exponential energy growth over time. This may be an indication that the existing technologies of acceleration came to
their maximum potential, and that further progress would
demand creation of new accelerating methods — one which
was more compact and more economical. There are several
emerging acceleration techniques, such as laser-driven and
beam-driven plasma acceleration, which can bring the Livingston plot back to the exponential path — which we will
further discuss later on.
FIGURE 1.7
Evolution of technologies —
saturation and replacement
by newer technologies.