xvi List of Figures
2.7
Shifted circles cross.
26
2.8
Illustration of the origin of weak focusing in dipoles.
26
2.9
Illustration of pseudo-harmonic oscillations and cosine-like and sine-like
principal trajectories.
28
2.10 Linear matrix approach for evaluation of the evolution of the particle
coordinates in a transfer line.
29
2.11 Mechanism of the edge focusing of bending magnet in a horizontal plane. 30
2.12 For illustration of transfer matrix of two quadrupoles separated by a drift. 31
2.13 A doublet can focus simultaneously in both planes.
31
2.14 Optical telescope with two lenses.
32
2.15 FODO lattice.
32
2.16 Betatron motion in phase space.
36
2.17 Evolution of phase-space ellipse. Locations: (a) in D and (c) in F
quadrupoles, and (b) in between.
36
2.18 Bending magnet creates dispersion.
36
2.19 Dispersion.
37
2.20 Chromaticity of a focusing quadrupole.
38
2.21 Skew quad fields and forces.
39
2.22 Sextupole fields and forces.
39
2.23 Octupole magnet forces.
39
3.1
Synchrotron radiation — conceptual explanation.
44
3.2
Illustrating the characteristic volume used in Eq. 3.3.
44
3.3
RF cavity restores only longitudinal momentum, thus other degrees of
freedom are cooled due to synchrotron radiation.
45
3.4
SR and remote observer.
47
3.5
SR can cause excitation of oscillation of particles and corresponding emittance growth.
49
3.6
For illustration of emittance of a single photon.
51
3.7
SR spectrum and its approximations for low and high energies.
52
3.8
For illustration of brilliance or brightness.
53
3.9
Radiation from sequence of bends.
54
3.10 Wiggler and undulator radiation.
55
3.11 SR spectrum in classical and quantum regimes.
55
4.1
Synergies between accelerators, lasers and plasma.
57
4.2
Discussion of synergies will follow this sequence.
58
4.3
Thermal cathode e-gun.
58
4.4
One-and-a-half-cell RF photocathode electron gun.
59
4.5
Surface-plasma Penning H − ion source.
59
4.6
Conceptual diagram of the laser-driven ion source.
60
4.7
Laser diagram.
60
4.8
Three-level laser.
60
4.9
Conceptual diagram of a ruby laser. Quartz flash tube serves as the pump
source and ruby crystal as the gain medium.
61
4.10 Diode laser in application for pumping of Nd:YAG laser.
62
4.11 Paschen discharge curve for hydrogen gas.
62
4.12 Fields of a relativistic electron bunch can produce field ionization of gas.
62
4.13 Electrostatic and betatron acceleration. RF cavity and RF structure.
63
4.14 Laser amplifier. Flash lamp emits in broad spectrum. Gain medium amplifies selected wavelength.
63
2.7
Shifted circles cross.
26
2.8
Illustration of the origin of weak focusing in dipoles.
26
2.9
Illustration of pseudo-harmonic oscillations and cosine-like and sine-like
principal trajectories.
28
2.10 Linear matrix approach for evaluation of the evolution of the particle
coordinates in a transfer line.
29
2.11 Mechanism of the edge focusing of bending magnet in a horizontal plane. 30
2.12 For illustration of transfer matrix of two quadrupoles separated by a drift. 31
2.13 A doublet can focus simultaneously in both planes.
31
2.14 Optical telescope with two lenses.
32
2.15 FODO lattice.
32
2.16 Betatron motion in phase space.
36
2.17 Evolution of phase-space ellipse. Locations: (a) in D and (c) in F
quadrupoles, and (b) in between.
36
2.18 Bending magnet creates dispersion.
36
2.19 Dispersion.
37
2.20 Chromaticity of a focusing quadrupole.
38
2.21 Skew quad fields and forces.
39
2.22 Sextupole fields and forces.
39
2.23 Octupole magnet forces.
39
3.1
Synchrotron radiation — conceptual explanation.
44
3.2
Illustrating the characteristic volume used in Eq. 3.3.
44
3.3
RF cavity restores only longitudinal momentum, thus other degrees of
freedom are cooled due to synchrotron radiation.
45
3.4
SR and remote observer.
47
3.5
SR can cause excitation of oscillation of particles and corresponding emittance growth.
49
3.6
For illustration of emittance of a single photon.
51
3.7
SR spectrum and its approximations for low and high energies.
52
3.8
For illustration of brilliance or brightness.
53
3.9
Radiation from sequence of bends.
54
3.10 Wiggler and undulator radiation.
55
3.11 SR spectrum in classical and quantum regimes.
55
4.1
Synergies between accelerators, lasers and plasma.
57
4.2
Discussion of synergies will follow this sequence.
58
4.3
Thermal cathode e-gun.
58
4.4
One-and-a-half-cell RF photocathode electron gun.
59
4.5
Surface-plasma Penning H − ion source.
59
4.6
Conceptual diagram of the laser-driven ion source.
60
4.7
Laser diagram.
60
4.8
Three-level laser.
60
4.9
Conceptual diagram of a ruby laser. Quartz flash tube serves as the pump
source and ruby crystal as the gain medium.
61
4.10 Diode laser in application for pumping of Nd:YAG laser.
62
4.11 Paschen discharge curve for hydrogen gas.
62
4.12 Fields of a relativistic electron bunch can produce field ionization of gas.
62
4.13 Electrostatic and betatron acceleration. RF cavity and RF structure.
63
4.14 Laser amplifier. Flash lamp emits in broad spectrum. Gain medium amplifies selected wavelength.
63