List of Figures
1.1
Gear-like structure in jumping insects as an illustration of nature’s inventiveness. Burrows and Sutton, 2013. Reproduced with permission.
2
1.2
Helical solenoid channel.
2
1.3
Basic principles of acceleration — electrostatic, betatron, in an EM wave
in an accelerating structure.
2
1.4
Uses of accelerated beams — sending to target, colliding with another
beam, characterization of the beam or separation into species, generation
of useful radiation.
3
1.5
Actions on accelerated beams — acceleration, focusing, generation of
radiation, colliding.
4
1.6
Livingston plot of evolution of accelerators.
5
1.7
Evolution of technologies — saturation and replacement by newer technologies.
5
1.8
Van der Graaf accelerator.
6
1.9
Cyclotron accelerator.
6
1.10 Synchrotron accelerator.
6
1.11 Strong focusing concept.
6
1.12 Collective acceleration.
7
1.13 Electron cooling concept.
7
1.14 Stochastic cooling concept.
7
1.15 Plasma acceleration concept.
7
1.16 Illustration of TRIZ in action — initial specific problem.
10
1.17 Illustration of the flow of the TRIZ algorithm.
11
1.18 Illustration of TRIZ in action — specific solution.
12
1.19 Valery Bryusov’s electron as an analogy to the TRIZ inventive principle of
nested dolls.
13
1.20 High energy physics detectors, which have a layered “nested” structure,
reflecting the TRIZ inventive principle of Russian dolls.
13
1.21 Particle interaction event observed in a cloud chamber invented by Wilson
in 1911 (left), and in a bubble chamber invented by Glaser in 1952 (right). 14
1.22 Carbon wire beam profile monitor.
15
1.23 Laser wire beam profile monitor.
16
1.24 Looking at the world through the prism of TRIZ. Illustration by Sasha
Seraia.
17
1.25 TRIZ vs. brainstorming. Illustration by Sasha Seraia.
18
2.1
Simple electron gun.
22
2.2
Electron gun with Pierce electrode and collector made in the form of a
Faraday cup.
23
2.3
Motion of charged particles in a uniform magnetic field.
24
2.4
Drift in crossed E×B fields.
25
2.5
Magnetic fields and forces acting on a particle in a quadrupole.
25
2.6
Frenet–Serret curvilinear coordinate system.
26
xv
1.1
Gear-like structure in jumping insects as an illustration of nature’s inventiveness. Burrows and Sutton, 2013. Reproduced with permission.
2
1.2
Helical solenoid channel.
2
1.3
Basic principles of acceleration — electrostatic, betatron, in an EM wave
in an accelerating structure.
2
1.4
Uses of accelerated beams — sending to target, colliding with another
beam, characterization of the beam or separation into species, generation
of useful radiation.
3
1.5
Actions on accelerated beams — acceleration, focusing, generation of
radiation, colliding.
4
1.6
Livingston plot of evolution of accelerators.
5
1.7
Evolution of technologies — saturation and replacement by newer technologies.
5
1.8
Van der Graaf accelerator.
6
1.9
Cyclotron accelerator.
6
1.10 Synchrotron accelerator.
6
1.11 Strong focusing concept.
6
1.12 Collective acceleration.
7
1.13 Electron cooling concept.
7
1.14 Stochastic cooling concept.
7
1.15 Plasma acceleration concept.
7
1.16 Illustration of TRIZ in action — initial specific problem.
10
1.17 Illustration of the flow of the TRIZ algorithm.
11
1.18 Illustration of TRIZ in action — specific solution.
12
1.19 Valery Bryusov’s electron as an analogy to the TRIZ inventive principle of
nested dolls.
13
1.20 High energy physics detectors, which have a layered “nested” structure,
reflecting the TRIZ inventive principle of Russian dolls.
13
1.21 Particle interaction event observed in a cloud chamber invented by Wilson
in 1911 (left), and in a bubble chamber invented by Glaser in 1952 (right). 14
1.22 Carbon wire beam profile monitor.
15
1.23 Laser wire beam profile monitor.
16
1.24 Looking at the world through the prism of TRIZ. Illustration by Sasha
Seraia.
17
1.25 TRIZ vs. brainstorming. Illustration by Sasha Seraia.
18
2.1
Simple electron gun.
22
2.2
Electron gun with Pierce electrode and collector made in the form of a
Faraday cup.
23
2.3
Motion of charged particles in a uniform magnetic field.
24
2.4
Drift in crossed E×B fields.
25
2.5
Magnetic fields and forces acting on a particle in a quadrupole.
25
2.6
Frenet–Serret curvilinear coordinate system.
26
xv