172
T. L. Cruz
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2002
2004
2010
2017
Agriculture and Livestock
Industry
Services and Public Management
Taxes
Fig. 1 Contribution of each economic sector to the GDP in Canaã dos Carajás—Pará, Brazil (IBGE
2020a)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2004
2009
2016
2018
2019
Fig. 2 CFEM collection (in R$ million) in Canaã dos Carajás—Pará, Brazil (ANM 2019b)
3 Methodology
A survey was conducted to assess social perceptions regarding the government’s
use of mining taxation and the improvements on social infrastructure in Canaã dos
Carajás. People were randomly approached in the streets, and asked to rate in a
five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree) two topics related
to public management of mining taxes (Local government adequately uses taxes
from mining industry; Local government is transparent regarding the use of mining
taxation); and four topics related to improvements on social infrastructure due to
the use of mining taxation (Access to quality education has improved; Quality of the
urban infrastructure has improved; Sanitation has improved).