Index
309
Integral method, 85, 151, 156, 191. See
also Similarity solution
energy conservation, 152
integral approximate solution, 190
integral equation, 150–152
laminar flow and heat transfer, 150
laminar natural convection, 190–193
mass conservation, 150
melting and ablation problems, 89
1-D transient problem, 69, 86
outline, 153–157
for semiinfinite solid material, 85–86
Integral model, 270
Internal forced convection, 167, 175–179,
180–184. See also External forced
convection; Natural convection
entrance length, 168
flow in circular tube, 173
force balance, 172
friction factor, 171–172
fully developed flow and heat
transfer, 169
shear stress distribution, 168
uniform wall heat flux, 172–175
velocity and temperature profiles,
167–169
IR. See Infrared (IR)
Irradiation, 224
from black coal bed, 231
energy balance, 225, 257, 258, 282
in isothermal gray gas, 280
Isothermal surface, 239. See also
Nonisothermal surface
radiation exchange
radiation exchange, 239, 240, 257–267,
270
L
Laminar flow and heat transfer
fully developed, 169–179
integral method, 150–157
similarity solution, 141–148
Laminar natural convection, 190–193
Laplace transform method, 81–84
heat equation, 114
1-D transient problem, 69
for semiinfinite solid material, 81–84
Laplace’s equation, 51
Latent heat, 87, 90
Low thermal conductivity material, 92
Lumped capacitance method, 70
Biot number, 72
energy balance equation, 73
radiation effect, 72–73
0-D transient problem, 69
M
Mass conservation, 130, 131, 197
incompressible flow, 132
Mass conservation, 150
Matrix linear equations, 263–267,
284–285
Melting
ablation, 91
heat conduction with moving
boundaries, 86
integral technique, 89–91
latent heat of, 87, 90
slow, 90
Momentum conservation, 130, 132, 133
Momentum equation, 176. See also
Conservation of momentum;
Natural convection
integral equation, 150–152
natural convection, 186
RANS, 198
similarity, 143, 188
2-D heat convection equations, 131
x-direction, 134, 141
y-directions, 136, 199, 200
Monochromatic
directional radiation intensity, 221
emissivity, 224
hemispherical emissive power, 222
Multidimensional transient heat
conduction, 76
with heat generation, 77
in slab, 75
N
Natural convection, 185, 193–194. See
also External forced convection;
Internal forced convection
boundary layer, 186
buoyancy-driven, 185
heat transfer coefficient, 3
integral method, 190–193
numerical results, 189
similarity solution, 185–190
vertical wall, 185
vs. forced convection, 3
309
Integral method, 85, 151, 156, 191. See
also Similarity solution
energy conservation, 152
integral approximate solution, 190
integral equation, 150–152
laminar flow and heat transfer, 150
laminar natural convection, 190–193
mass conservation, 150
melting and ablation problems, 89
1-D transient problem, 69, 86
outline, 153–157
for semiinfinite solid material, 85–86
Integral model, 270
Internal forced convection, 167, 175–179,
180–184. See also External forced
convection; Natural convection
entrance length, 168
flow in circular tube, 173
force balance, 172
friction factor, 171–172
fully developed flow and heat
transfer, 169
shear stress distribution, 168
uniform wall heat flux, 172–175
velocity and temperature profiles,
167–169
IR. See Infrared (IR)
Irradiation, 224
from black coal bed, 231
energy balance, 225, 257, 258, 282
in isothermal gray gas, 280
Isothermal surface, 239. See also
Nonisothermal surface
radiation exchange
radiation exchange, 239, 240, 257–267,
270
L
Laminar flow and heat transfer
fully developed, 169–179
integral method, 150–157
similarity solution, 141–148
Laminar natural convection, 190–193
Laplace transform method, 81–84
heat equation, 114
1-D transient problem, 69
for semiinfinite solid material, 81–84
Laplace’s equation, 51
Latent heat, 87, 90
Low thermal conductivity material, 92
Lumped capacitance method, 70
Biot number, 72
energy balance equation, 73
radiation effect, 72–73
0-D transient problem, 69
M
Mass conservation, 130, 131, 197
incompressible flow, 132
Mass conservation, 150
Matrix linear equations, 263–267,
284–285
Melting
ablation, 91
heat conduction with moving
boundaries, 86
integral technique, 89–91
latent heat of, 87, 90
slow, 90
Momentum conservation, 130, 132, 133
Momentum equation, 176. See also
Conservation of momentum;
Natural convection
integral equation, 150–152
natural convection, 186
RANS, 198
similarity, 143, 188
2-D heat convection equations, 131
x-direction, 134, 141
y-directions, 136, 199, 200
Monochromatic
directional radiation intensity, 221
emissivity, 224
hemispherical emissive power, 222
Multidimensional transient heat
conduction, 76
with heat generation, 77
in slab, 75
N
Natural convection, 185, 193–194. See
also External forced convection;
Internal forced convection
boundary layer, 186
buoyancy-driven, 185
heat transfer coefficient, 3
integral method, 190–193
numerical results, 189
similarity solution, 185–190
vertical wall, 185
vs. forced convection, 3