308
Index
Heat conduction (Continued)
with moving boundaries, 86
nonhomogeneous, 56
numerical analysis, 105, 121–123
1-D, 2, 13
through solid medium, 6
3-D, 54
transient, 69, 117–121
2-D, 12, 45
Heat conduction equations, 1, 10, 12
boundary conditions, 9
conduction, 1
convection, 2
derivations of, 6
Fourier’s conduction law, 1
general heat conduction equations, 6
heat transfer combined modes, 4
initial conditions, 9
Newton’s cooling law, 2
1-D, 13, 18, 20, 79, 114
radiation, 3
simplified, 10
Stefan–Boltzmann law, 4
3-D, 54, 69
3-D coordinate systems, 8
2-D, 45, 108
velocity and thermal boundary
layer, 2
volume element, 7
Heat convection equations, 125, 131,
139–140. See also Convection
advanced heat convection, 150, 179
boundary-layer approximations, 135
boundary-layer concepts, 125–129
energy conservation, 130
general, 130
mass conservation, 130
Momentum conservation, 130
2-D, 131–135
Heat diffusion equation, 81
Heat flux, 9, 14, 128, 290. See also Heat
transfer rate
boundary condition, 84
to cooling fluid, 19, 21
determination, 264, 189
energy balance, 105
finite, 9, 10
finite difference method, 107, 112
Fourier’s conduction law, 1
net, 290
nondimensional, 291
as nonhomogenous boundary
condition, 58
profiles, 129, 291
Reynolds number, 129
surface, 11, 49, 83, 84, 116, 128, 173,
179, 257, 263, 267
total, 5
transient temperature, 91
2-D heat conduction with, 50
uniform, 107, 172, 176
variable separation, 49
wall, 131
Heat resistance. See Thermal—resistance
Heat transfer
combined modes, 4
between two surfaces, 5
Heat transfer coefficient, 2, 3, 128. See
Nusselt number
Heat transfer rate. See also Heat flux;
Newton’s law of cooling
convection, 14, 16, 289
determination, 5, 16, 282, 284
through fin, 24, 26, 30
gases to enclosure, 285
increasing, 21
net, 282, 287
wall, 13, 15
Hemispheric radiation, 221, 222, 223
Hemispherical furnace, 285, 293
Hydrodynamic boundary layer, 125, 126,
127. See also Thermal boundary
layer
for flow entering circular tube, 167
integral approximate method,
153–157
Reynolds number, 125, 126
shear stress, 126
thickness, 125, 129, 150
Hydrodynamic fully developed
flow, 167
I
Infrared (IR), 221, 222
Initial conditions, 9, 10
Insulation
BCs in surface nodes, 107
conductivity of, 18
critical radius of, 17
cryogenic thermal, 289
perfect, 261
Index
Heat conduction (Continued)
with moving boundaries, 86
nonhomogeneous, 56
numerical analysis, 105, 121–123
1-D, 2, 13
through solid medium, 6
3-D, 54
transient, 69, 117–121
2-D, 12, 45
Heat conduction equations, 1, 10, 12
boundary conditions, 9
conduction, 1
convection, 2
derivations of, 6
Fourier’s conduction law, 1
general heat conduction equations, 6
heat transfer combined modes, 4
initial conditions, 9
Newton’s cooling law, 2
1-D, 13, 18, 20, 79, 114
radiation, 3
simplified, 10
Stefan–Boltzmann law, 4
3-D, 54, 69
3-D coordinate systems, 8
2-D, 45, 108
velocity and thermal boundary
layer, 2
volume element, 7
Heat convection equations, 125, 131,
139–140. See also Convection
advanced heat convection, 150, 179
boundary-layer approximations, 135
boundary-layer concepts, 125–129
energy conservation, 130
general, 130
mass conservation, 130
Momentum conservation, 130
2-D, 131–135
Heat diffusion equation, 81
Heat flux, 9, 14, 128, 290. See also Heat
transfer rate
boundary condition, 84
to cooling fluid, 19, 21
determination, 264, 189
energy balance, 105
finite, 9, 10
finite difference method, 107, 112
Fourier’s conduction law, 1
net, 290
nondimensional, 291
as nonhomogenous boundary
condition, 58
profiles, 129, 291
Reynolds number, 129
surface, 11, 49, 83, 84, 116, 128, 173,
179, 257, 263, 267
total, 5
transient temperature, 91
2-D heat conduction with, 50
uniform, 107, 172, 176
variable separation, 49
wall, 131
Heat resistance. See Thermal—resistance
Heat transfer
combined modes, 4
between two surfaces, 5
Heat transfer coefficient, 2, 3, 128. See
Nusselt number
Heat transfer rate. See also Heat flux;
Newton’s law of cooling
convection, 14, 16, 289
determination, 5, 16, 282, 284
through fin, 24, 26, 30
gases to enclosure, 285
increasing, 21
net, 282, 287
wall, 13, 15
Hemispheric radiation, 221, 222, 223
Hemispherical furnace, 285, 293
Hydrodynamic boundary layer, 125, 126,
127. See also Thermal boundary
layer
for flow entering circular tube, 167
integral approximate method,
153–157
Reynolds number, 125, 126
shear stress, 126
thickness, 125, 129, 150
Hydrodynamic fully developed
flow, 167
I
Infrared (IR), 221, 222
Initial conditions, 9, 10
Insulation
BCs in surface nodes, 107
conductivity of, 18
critical radius of, 17
cryogenic thermal, 289
perfect, 261