Table 7.2 Summary of Cellular Eff ects Associated with THz Radiation (Continued)
Growth,
Protein
CW
Exposure ΔT
Cell
Migration,
Expression,
Biological
THz
Frequency or
Duration
Φ
Temp.
rise
Death
Morphology,
Lipid
Conformation,
System
Source
(THz) Pulsed (Minutes) (mW/cm2) (°C)
(°C)
(%)
Adhesion
Membrane or Recognition
DNA
Citation
Enzymes
Peroxidase,
FIR (NH
3 )
3.33
Pulsed
*
0.6 J/pulse
(≤0.5)
*
*
*
↓
enzymatic act.
*
(Govorun et al. 1991)
Albumin,
OHD
0.2–3 J
structural changes
Trypsin
↓
enzymatic act.
Phosphatase Electronic
0.1
CW
60–120
0.08
25
(≤0.5)
*
*
*
↓
recognition
*
(Homenko et al. 2009)
Albumin (BSA)
BSA
FIR (NH
3 )
3.60
CW
60
10.0
25
(≤0.5)
*
*
*
conformation
*
(Cherkasova et al. 2009)
BSA
TiS (PC
0.12–13
80
30
10.6 μJ/
25
(≤0.5)
*
*
*
conformation
*
(Fedorov 2009)
Ant.)
MHz
pulse
Hemoglobin (Hg)
Hg bonds
BWO
2.65 & 3.33 CW
240
3.0
25
(≤0.5)
*
*
*
Strength Hg bond
*
(Il’ina 1979)
Measurements not conducted in the study are denoted with an (*). Values with insignificant diff erences are denoted (NS). Temperature data predicted with computational models is
in parentheses. Abbreviations: FEL, Free electron laser; UCSB, University of California at Santa Clara; NOVO, Novosibirsk; ENEA, Research Center in Frascati, Italy; cFEL, compact
FEL; FIR, Far infrared or optically-pumped THz source; freq-double, frequency doubling; IMPATT, impact ionization avalanche transit-time devices; TiS PC Ant, Titanium sapphire
excitation of photoconductive antenna.