Growth,
Protein
CW
Exposure ΔT
Cell
Migration,
Expression,
Biological
THz
Frequency or
Duration
Φ
Temp.
Rise
Death
Morphology,
Lipid
Conformation,
System
Source
(THz) Pulsed (Minutes) (mW/cm 2
) (°C)
(°C)
(%)
Adhesion
Membrane or Recognition
DNA
Citation
Cellular
Jurkats
FIR
2.52
CW
40
227.0
37
6.0
62%
↓
*
*
*
(Wilmink et al. 2010)
(CH
3 OH)
Fibroblasts
FIR
2.52
CW
80
227.0
37
6.0
apoptosis
*
*
↑
stress proteins ↑
DNA repair (Wilmink et al. 2010)
(CH
3 OH)
Mouse stem
FreqBroad, ∼10
1 kHz
120–540
1
26.3
0.3
*
NS
Lipid droplets
↑
PPARG
*
(Bock et al. 2010)
cells
double
Fibroblasts
FIR: NH
3
3.68
CW
30–90
20.0
25
(≤1.5)
NS
*
*
NS
*
(Federov 2011)
Organelle
Liposomes
cFEL
0.13
2, 5, 7
2–3
5–17.0
22
0.03
*
*
↑
permeability
*
*
(Ramundo-Orlando et al.
Hz
2007)
Liposomes
IMPATT
0.15
CW
2–3
6.2
22
0.05
*
*
NS
*
*
(Ramundo-Orlando et al.
2007)
Liposomes
cFEL
0.15
2, 5, 7
2–3
1–3 kV/cm
22
0.05
*
*
↑
permeability
*
*
(Ramundo-Orlando
Hz
2009)
Fibroblasts
FIR
2.52
CW
0.2
227.0
37
6.0
apoptosis
*
↑
permeability ↑
stress proteins ↑
DNA repair (Wilmink et al. 2010)
(CH
3 OH)
Biomolecules
DNA
Lymphocytes
FEL
0.12–0.13
2 Hz
20
1.0
25
(≤0.5)
NS
NS
NS
*
*
(Scarfi et al. 2003)
(ENEA)
Lymphocytes
FEL
0.12–0.13 2, 5, 7
20
0.05–0.23
23
0.35
*
NS
NS
*
NS
(Zeni et al. 2007)
(ENEA)
Hz
Lymphocytes Electronic
0.10
CW
1440
0.031
37
0.3
*
+
replication
*
*
Aneuploidy
(Korenstein-Ilan et al.
2008)
Lymphocytes FIR (NH
3 )
3.68
CW
10, 30, 60
20.0
25
(≤1.5)
*
*
*
*
Conformation (Federov 2011)
(Continued)