Growth,
Protein
CW
Exposure ΔT
Cell
Migration,
Expression,
Biological
THz
Frequency or
Duration
Φ
Temp.
Rise
Death
Morphology,
Lipid
Conformation,
System
Source
(THz) Pulsed (Minutes) (mW/cm 2
) (°C)
(°C)
(%)
Adhesion
Membrane or Recognition
DNA
Citation
Cellular
E.coli cells
Klystron
0.136
CW
30–240
0.22
25
<1
Not lethal
↓
growth
*
*
*
(Webb and Dodds 1968)
Hela,
FIR (HCN)
0.89
CW
15
1.0
25
(<1)
observed +
morphology
destruction
↓
immune res.
*
(Zalyubovskaya et al.
Hep2,RH
1970)
E.coli cells
Klystron
0.136
CW
30–240
0.22
25
(≤1)
*
NS
*
*
*
(Blackman et al. 1975)
PTK2
FEL
1.50
0.5 Hz
1–10
0.5–4.0
22
2.96
7%
*
*
*
↓
synthesis
(Berns and Bewley 1987)
(UCSB)
kW/p
CHO
FEL
1.50
0.5 Hz
5
1.3 kW/p
22
2.96
*
*
NS
*
↓
synthesis
(Berns et al. 1990)
(UCSB)
Rat spleen
FIR (HCN)
0.89
CW
15
0.4
25
(<1)
*
*
*
↑
IgG production
*
(Kiselev 1991)
cells
CHO, PTK2
FEL
1.50
0.5 Hz
5
1.3 kW/p
18
2.96
*
*
NS
*
↓
synthesis
(Berns et al. 1994)
(UCSB)
Rat spleen
FIR (HCN)
0.89
CW
15
0.13–0.25
25
(<1)
*
↑
migration
*
↓
immune res.
*
(Makolinets 1996)
cells
Yeast cells
BWO
0.34
CW
30–150
5.8
25
2–3
*
↑
*
*
*
(Hadjiloucas et al. 2002)
NHK cells
TiS (PC
1.0–2.7
80
10, 20,30
10
25
(≤1.0)
NS
↑
proliferation
NS
*
*
(Clothier and Bourne
Ant.)
MHz
2003)
Red blood
FIR: NH
3
3.68
CW
30
20.0
25
(≤1.5)
*
↑
proliferation ↓
osmotic res.
*
*
(Federov 2007)
cells
Lymphocytes FIR: NH
3
3.68
CW
90
20.0
25
(≤1.5)
38%
↑
proliferation
*
*
↑
synthesis
(Federov 2007)
NHK/C,
TiS (PC
0.14–0.15
80
10–1440
62 (peak)
22
(≤1.0)
NS
NS
NS
NS
*
(Bourne et al. 2008)
ND7/23
Ant.)
MHz
Neurons
FEL
0.7, 2.5,
CW
1
0.3–30.0
22
(≤2)
*
All observed
disruption
morphological
*
(Olshevskaya et al. 2008)
(NOVO)
3.49
Fibroblasts
FIR
2.52
CW
80
81.5
37
3.0
10%
NS
NS
↑
stress proteins
NS
(Wilmink et al. 2011)
(CH
3 OH)
Table 7.2 Summary of Cellular Eff ects Associated with Th z Radiation
Protein
CW
Exposure ΔT
Cell
Migration,
Expression,
Biological
THz
Frequency or
Duration
Φ
Temp.
Rise
Death
Morphology,
Lipid
Conformation,
System
Source
(THz) Pulsed (Minutes) (mW/cm 2
) (°C)
(°C)
(%)
Adhesion
Membrane or Recognition
DNA
Citation
Cellular
E.coli cells
Klystron
0.136
CW
30–240
0.22
25
<1
Not lethal
↓
growth
*
*
*
(Webb and Dodds 1968)
Hela,
FIR (HCN)
0.89
CW
15
1.0
25
(<1)
observed +
morphology
destruction
↓
immune res.
*
(Zalyubovskaya et al.
Hep2,RH
1970)
E.coli cells
Klystron
0.136
CW
30–240
0.22
25
(≤1)
*
NS
*
*
*
(Blackman et al. 1975)
PTK2
FEL
1.50
0.5 Hz
1–10
0.5–4.0
22
2.96
7%
*
*
*
↓
synthesis
(Berns and Bewley 1987)
(UCSB)
kW/p
CHO
FEL
1.50
0.5 Hz
5
1.3 kW/p
22
2.96
*
*
NS
*
↓
synthesis
(Berns et al. 1990)
(UCSB)
Rat spleen
FIR (HCN)
0.89
CW
15
0.4
25
(<1)
*
*
*
↑
IgG production
*
(Kiselev 1991)
cells
CHO, PTK2
FEL
1.50
0.5 Hz
5
1.3 kW/p
18
2.96
*
*
NS
*
↓
synthesis
(Berns et al. 1994)
(UCSB)
Rat spleen
FIR (HCN)
0.89
CW
15
0.13–0.25
25
(<1)
*
↑
migration
*
↓
immune res.
*
(Makolinets 1996)
cells
Yeast cells
BWO
0.34
CW
30–150
5.8
25
2–3
*
↑
*
*
*
(Hadjiloucas et al. 2002)
NHK cells
TiS (PC
1.0–2.7
80
10, 20,30
10
25
(≤1.0)
NS
↑
proliferation
NS
*
*
(Clothier and Bourne
Ant.)
MHz
2003)
Red blood
FIR: NH
3
3.68
CW
30
20.0
25
(≤1.5)
*
↑
proliferation ↓
osmotic res.
*
*
(Federov 2007)
cells
Lymphocytes FIR: NH
3
3.68
CW
90
20.0
25
(≤1.5)
38%
↑
proliferation
*
*
↑
synthesis
(Federov 2007)
NHK/C,
TiS (PC
0.14–0.15
80
10–1440
62 (peak)
22
(≤1.0)
NS
NS
NS
NS
*
(Bourne et al. 2008)
ND7/23
Ant.)
MHz
Neurons
FEL
0.7, 2.5,
CW
1
0.3–30.0
22
(≤2)
*
All observed
disruption
morphological
*
(Olshevskaya et al. 2008)
(NOVO)
3.49
Fibroblasts
FIR
2.52
CW
80
81.5
37
3.0
10%
NS
NS
↑
stress proteins
NS
(Wilmink et al. 2011)
(CH
3 OH)
Table 7.2 Summary of Cellular Eff ects Associated with Th z Radiation