Author
Current Density (mA/m 2 )
Method and Comments
Hoang et al. (2009)
Calculated maximum values: 9.86
50 Hz, balanced three-phase
for muscle
transmission
line
(63
kV,
510
A):
FEM calculation in heterogeneous
human model, named ZOL from the
Visible
Human Project
King and Wu (1995)
The total axial current, the current
60 Hz, EF and MF of three-phase
and power densities in the
transmission line: analytical
interior of a human body are
calculation for grounded and
determined; the current and
ungrounded human model
power densities are so small that
the thermal effects can be ignored
King and Sandler
The electric fields do not induce
Three-phase transmission line;
(1996)
large currents and fields in a
cylindrical conducting human body
nerve axon.
model
King (1997)
The current in the body is
60
Hz,
220-kV,
440-kV
transmission
significantly increased as the
line: analytical solution for
arms are raised.
cylindrical conducting human body
model when both arms are raised
King (1999b)
The electric field and currents in a
60 Hz, analytical solution for a
spherical cell and its membrane
spherical cell
are determined rigorously in
terms of the electric fields
induced in the body; in a
spherical cell, the interior is
effectively shielded by the
membrane.
King (2004)
The axial currents induced in
60 Hz, analytical method calculation
cylinder is a good approximation
for spherical, cylindrical, and
of the current induced in an
ellipsoidal human models
actual body.
Leitgeb and Cech
Calculated maximum average
50
Hz,
5
kV/m,
100 μT: FIT
(2008)
values: 0.63 at the neck for EF
calculation for MRI-based,
and 0.53 at the chest for MF
anatomical, 3-mm voxel human
model
Maalej et al. (2009)
Calculated maximun values: 3.11
60 Hz, live-line worker standing 2 m
for feet and ankles, and 1.39 for
away from conductor of doublethe brain
circuit
132-kV
transmission
line
(6.2−6.5
kV/m,
63−66.5 μT): FDTD
calculation for anatomical, MRIbased human body model from the
Visible
Human Project
Matsumoto et al.
Total current density is determined
60
Hz,
500
kV
(1
kV/m,
1−5 μT):
(2000)
by vertical EF and horizontal MF;
FEM calculation for homogeneous
horizontal MF has an important
grounded and ungrounded prolate
effect on the total induced current
spheroid model
density distributions
236
Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems
Table 4.5 Examples of Calculated and Measured Current Densities in Human Models
Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields (Continued)
Current Density (mA/m 2 )
Method and Comments
Hoang et al. (2009)
Calculated maximum values: 9.86
50 Hz, balanced three-phase
for muscle
transmission
line
(63
kV,
510
A):
FEM calculation in heterogeneous
human model, named ZOL from the
Visible
Human Project
King and Wu (1995)
The total axial current, the current
60 Hz, EF and MF of three-phase
and power densities in the
transmission line: analytical
interior of a human body are
calculation for grounded and
determined; the current and
ungrounded human model
power densities are so small that
the thermal effects can be ignored
King and Sandler
The electric fields do not induce
Three-phase transmission line;
(1996)
large currents and fields in a
cylindrical conducting human body
nerve axon.
model
King (1997)
The current in the body is
60
Hz,
220-kV,
440-kV
transmission
significantly increased as the
line: analytical solution for
arms are raised.
cylindrical conducting human body
model when both arms are raised
King (1999b)
The electric field and currents in a
60 Hz, analytical solution for a
spherical cell and its membrane
spherical cell
are determined rigorously in
terms of the electric fields
induced in the body; in a
spherical cell, the interior is
effectively shielded by the
membrane.
King (2004)
The axial currents induced in
60 Hz, analytical method calculation
cylinder is a good approximation
for spherical, cylindrical, and
of the current induced in an
ellipsoidal human models
actual body.
Leitgeb and Cech
Calculated maximum average
50
Hz,
5
kV/m,
100 μT: FIT
(2008)
values: 0.63 at the neck for EF
calculation for MRI-based,
and 0.53 at the chest for MF
anatomical, 3-mm voxel human
model
Maalej et al. (2009)
Calculated maximun values: 3.11
60 Hz, live-line worker standing 2 m
for feet and ankles, and 1.39 for
away from conductor of doublethe brain
circuit
132-kV
transmission
line
(6.2−6.5
kV/m,
63−66.5 μT): FDTD
calculation for anatomical, MRIbased human body model from the
Visible
Human Project
Matsumoto et al.
Total current density is determined
60
Hz,
500
kV
(1
kV/m,
1−5 μT):
(2000)
by vertical EF and horizontal MF;
FEM calculation for homogeneous
horizontal MF has an important
grounded and ungrounded prolate
effect on the total induced current
spheroid model
density distributions
236
Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems
Table 4.5 Examples of Calculated and Measured Current Densities in Human Models
Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields (Continued)