Author
Current Density (mA/m 2 )
Method and Comments
Min and Song (2006b)
The maximum values: less than 10
60
Hz,
765-kV
transmission
line
worker BEM calculation for
spheroidal or cylindrical human
models with several organs
Spiegel (1976)
Calculated maximum values: 0.1
60
Hz,
EHV
transmission
line
and
for
EHV
transmission
line
and
45/75 Hz Sanguine antenna:
0.01 for Sanguine fields
quasistatic analytical solution
calculation in homogeneous
spherical human model
Valič,
Gajšek,
and
The implant increased the current
50
Hz,
5
kV/m,
100 μT: FDTD
Miklavčič (2009)
density up to 9.5 in the model
calculation in human female body
with implant, 0.9 in the model
model with a conductive implant
without implant
Xue,
Wood,
and
Dovan
Calculated maximum values: 2.37
50 Hz, 1000 A carrying power line,
(2004)
in fetus and 14.97 in placenta
analytical method calculation for
(0.3 m from a line).
homogeneous axisymmetric
pregnant body model consisting of
cylinder and ellipsoid
237
Interaction of Extremely Low–Frequency Electromagnetic Fields
Table 4.5 Examples of Calculated and Measured Current Densities in Human Models
Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields (Continued)
AP, applied from front; LAT, applied from side; TOP, applied from above; SPFD, scalar potential finite
difference; MF, magnetic field; EF, electric field; EMF, electromagnetic field; IEC, International
Electrotechnical Commission; FIT, Finite-Integration Technique; EHV, extra high voltage.
A series of papers by King and coworkers have been published (King and Wu 1995;
King and Sandler 1996; King 1997, 1998a,b, 1999a,b,c, 2004; King and Wu 1998). The
induced electric fields and induced currents in the conductive human body model with
spherical, ellipsoidal, and cylindrical shapes are determined by analytical method. First,
the distribution of EMF of a three-phase transmission line was calculated in analytical form. Under these conditions, the total axial currents and power densities inside a
human body model standing on the ground under or near the transmission line were
determined. The fields were very low and the currents and power densities so small that
the thermal effect could be ignored (King and Wu 1995). In addition to the transmission line, electric fields and induced currents were calculated for the human body model
exposed to a very low–frequency (VLF) (10–30 kHz) transmitter (King and Sandler
1996). In calculating the induced currents at the ELF and VLF regions, it is important to
note that all organs of the body are conductors and not dielectrics. Further, the calculation was extended to the case where both arms of the human body model with grounding or ungrounding were raised by an arbitrary angle (King 1997). As a special case,
King (1999c) calculated analytically the electric fields induced in the human body model
standing on the metal deck of a ship near a vertical antenna (1–30 MHz). King (1999b)
provided a quantitative relationship between the electric fields and induced currents in
a human body exposed to 60 Hz high-voltage transmission line and the resulting electric
fields and induced currents in the membrane and the interior of a spherical cell. In the
case of a spherical cell, the cell is effectively shielded by the membrane compared with