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Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems
Table 4.4 Examples of Calculated and Measured Current Densities in Realistic
Human Models Exposed to Uniform and Nonuniform Magnetic Fields (Continued)
Author
Current Density (mA/m 2 )
Method and Comments
Dimbylow (1998)
Calculated maximun values
averaged over 1 cm 2 for retina
at 50 Hz: 284 for AP, 551 for
50 Hz–10 MHz, 1 T: IM and SPFD
calculations for anatomically realistic, 2-mm
resolution voxel human model, NORMAN
LAT, and 383 for TOP
Gandhi et al. (2001)
Calculated average values for
brain in uniform field: 0.88
for LAT, 0.73 for AP, and 0.57
for TOP; calculated average
values at maximum of 122 μT
60 Hz, uniform 1 mT, nonuniform maximum
122 μT (hair dryer) and maximum 1638 μT
(hair clipper): IM calculation for
anatomical, MRI-based, realistic 2- × 2- ×
3-mm resolution human model
in nonuniform field: 3.0 for
brain
Hirata et al. (2009)
Calculated average values over
1 cm 2 of the nerve tissue: 2.24
for LAT, 1.56 for AP, and 1.21
50 Hz, 0.1 mT: quasistatic FDTD calculation
for anatomically based numeric Japanese
male, TARO, and female, HANAKO,
for TOP (TARO); 1.67 for
LAT, 1.18 for AP, and 0.802
models.
for TOP (HANAKO)
Iivonen et al. (2005)
Maximum values are 72 × 10 −3
with FEM and 80 × 10 −3 with
Battery ELF current of a mobile phone FEM/
FIT calculation for MRI-based human head
FIT; maximum values of total
model
current density are 101 × 10 −3
for FEM and 115 × 10 −3 for
FIT
Iivonen and
Sarvas (2007)
Calculated maximum values:
83 × 10 −3 for check and
45 × 10 −3 for breast pocket
Equivalent source with magnetic dipoles
based on the magnetic field from GSM
phone: FEM calculation for human body
model, Visible Human and 1-mm resolution
head model
Min and Song
Maximum value is 0.34 in
heart
60 Hz, 10 μT: BME for three human body
models with various conductivities
Nishizawa et al.
(2004)
The investigation of the
accuracy of the equivalent
source model of the real
electronic appliance and
introduction of the magnetic
field distribution and induced
50 Hz, equivalent source model based on
magnetic dipole, nonuniform magnetic filed
(hair dryer): SPFD calculation for axially
symmetric homogeneous human body
model
current density
Nishizawa,
Landstorfer, and
Kamimura (2007)
The investigation of the
accuracy of the equivalent
source model of the real
electronic appliance and
introduction of the magnetic
field distribution and induced
50 Hz, coil source model for nonuniform
magnetic fields (a drilling machine and
hand mixer): SPFD calculation for axially
symmetric homogeneous and anatomical
human body model
current density