108
Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems
Foster, K. R., and H. P. Schwan. 1995. Dielectric properties of tissues—A review. In
Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation, ed. C. Polk and
E. Postow, 26–102. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.
Freeman, S. A., M. A. Wang, and J. C. Weaver. 1994. Theory of electroporation of planar
bilayer membranes: Predictions of the aqueous area, change in capacitance, and
pore-pore separation. Biophys J 67:42–56.
Fricke, H. 1925. The electric capacity of suspensions with special reference to blood. J Gen
Physiol 9:137–52.
Führ, G., R. Glaser, and R. Hagedorn. 1985. Rotation of dielectrics in a rotating electric
high-frequency field: Model experiments and theoretical explanation of the rotation
effect of living cells. Biophys J 49:395–402.
Gabriel, S. S., R. W. Lau, and C. Gabriel. 1996. The dielectric properties of biological tissues.
2. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. Phys Med Biol 41:2251–69.
Gaylor, D. C., K. Prakah-Asante, and R. C. Lee. 1988. Significance of cell size and tissue
structure in electrical trauma. J Theor Biol 133:223–37.
Gimsa, J., and D. Wachner. 1999. A polarization model overcoming the geometric restrictions of the Laplace solution for spheroidal cells: Obtaining new equations for fieldinduced forces and transmembrane potential. Biophys J 77:1316–26.
Glaser, R. W., S. L. Leikin, L. V. Chernomordik, V. F. Pastushenko, and A. I. Sokirko. 1988.
Reversible electrical breakdown of lipid bilayers: formation and evolution of pores.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 940:275–87.
Goodman, E. M., B. Greenbaum, and M. T. Marron. 1995. Effects of electromagnetic fields
on molecules and cells. Int Rev Cytology 158:279–338.
Gothelf, A., M. Mir, and J. Gehl. 2003. Electrochemotherapy: results of cancer treatment using enhanced delivery of Bleomycin by electroporation. Cancer Treat Rev
29:371–87.
Gowrishankar, T. R., A. T. Esser, Z. Vasilkoski, K. C. Smith, and J. C. Weaver. 2006.
Microdosimetry for conventional and supra-electroporation in cells with organelles.
Biochem Biophys Res Comm 341:1266–76.
Green, D. R. 2000. Apoptotic pathways: Paper wraps stone blunts scissors. Cell 102:1–4.
Grosse, C., and H. P. Schwan. 1992. Cellular membrane potentials induced by alternating
fields. Biophys J 63:1632–42.
Groves, J. T., S. G. Boxer, and H. M. McConnell. 1997. Electric field induced reorganization of two-component supported bilayer membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
94:13390–5.
Hager III, N. 1994. Broadband time domain reflectometry dielectric spectroscopy using
variable time scale sampling. Rev Sci Instrum 65:887–91.
Hanai, T. 1968. Electrical properties of emulsions. In Emulsion Science, ed. P. Sherman,
Chap. 5, 354–478. New York: Academic Press.
Heller, R., R. Gilbert, and M. J. Jaroszeski. (1999). Clinical applications of electrochemotherapy. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 35:119–29.
Hocking, B., K. Joyner, H. Newman, and R. Aldred. 1994. Case report: Radiofrequency
shock and burn. Med J Aust 161:683–5.
Hoeber, R. 1910. Eine methode die elektrische leitf ahigkeit im inner von zellen zu messen.
Arch Ges Physiol 133:237–59.
Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems
Foster, K. R., and H. P. Schwan. 1995. Dielectric properties of tissues—A review. In
Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation, ed. C. Polk and
E. Postow, 26–102. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.
Freeman, S. A., M. A. Wang, and J. C. Weaver. 1994. Theory of electroporation of planar
bilayer membranes: Predictions of the aqueous area, change in capacitance, and
pore-pore separation. Biophys J 67:42–56.
Fricke, H. 1925. The electric capacity of suspensions with special reference to blood. J Gen
Physiol 9:137–52.
Führ, G., R. Glaser, and R. Hagedorn. 1985. Rotation of dielectrics in a rotating electric
high-frequency field: Model experiments and theoretical explanation of the rotation
effect of living cells. Biophys J 49:395–402.
Gabriel, S. S., R. W. Lau, and C. Gabriel. 1996. The dielectric properties of biological tissues.
2. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. Phys Med Biol 41:2251–69.
Gaylor, D. C., K. Prakah-Asante, and R. C. Lee. 1988. Significance of cell size and tissue
structure in electrical trauma. J Theor Biol 133:223–37.
Gimsa, J., and D. Wachner. 1999. A polarization model overcoming the geometric restrictions of the Laplace solution for spheroidal cells: Obtaining new equations for fieldinduced forces and transmembrane potential. Biophys J 77:1316–26.
Glaser, R. W., S. L. Leikin, L. V. Chernomordik, V. F. Pastushenko, and A. I. Sokirko. 1988.
Reversible electrical breakdown of lipid bilayers: formation and evolution of pores.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 940:275–87.
Goodman, E. M., B. Greenbaum, and M. T. Marron. 1995. Effects of electromagnetic fields
on molecules and cells. Int Rev Cytology 158:279–338.
Gothelf, A., M. Mir, and J. Gehl. 2003. Electrochemotherapy: results of cancer treatment using enhanced delivery of Bleomycin by electroporation. Cancer Treat Rev
29:371–87.
Gowrishankar, T. R., A. T. Esser, Z. Vasilkoski, K. C. Smith, and J. C. Weaver. 2006.
Microdosimetry for conventional and supra-electroporation in cells with organelles.
Biochem Biophys Res Comm 341:1266–76.
Green, D. R. 2000. Apoptotic pathways: Paper wraps stone blunts scissors. Cell 102:1–4.
Grosse, C., and H. P. Schwan. 1992. Cellular membrane potentials induced by alternating
fields. Biophys J 63:1632–42.
Groves, J. T., S. G. Boxer, and H. M. McConnell. 1997. Electric field induced reorganization of two-component supported bilayer membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
94:13390–5.
Hager III, N. 1994. Broadband time domain reflectometry dielectric spectroscopy using
variable time scale sampling. Rev Sci Instrum 65:887–91.
Hanai, T. 1968. Electrical properties of emulsions. In Emulsion Science, ed. P. Sherman,
Chap. 5, 354–478. New York: Academic Press.
Heller, R., R. Gilbert, and M. J. Jaroszeski. (1999). Clinical applications of electrochemotherapy. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 35:119–29.
Hocking, B., K. Joyner, H. Newman, and R. Aldred. 1994. Case report: Radiofrequency
shock and burn. Med J Aust 161:683–5.
Hoeber, R. 1910. Eine methode die elektrische leitf ahigkeit im inner von zellen zu messen.
Arch Ges Physiol 133:237–59.