106
Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems
Berg, H. 1995. Possibilities and problems of low frequency weak electro- magnetic fields
in cell biology. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 38:153–9.
Barnett, A., and J. C. Weaver. 1991. A unified, quantitative theory of reversible electrical
breakdown and rupture. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 25:163–82.
Bhatt, D. L., D. C. Gaylor, and R. C. Lee. 1990. Rhabdomolysis due to pulsed electric fields.
Plast Reconstr Surg 86:1–11.
Blank, M. 1993. Biological effects of electromagnetic fields. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg
32:203–10.
Blank, M., ed. 1995. Electromagnetic Fields: Biological Interactions and Mechanisms.
New York: American Chemical Society.
Blank, M., and E. Findl. 1987. Mechanistic Approaches to Interactions of Electromagnetic
Fields with Living Systems. New York: Plenum Press.
Block, T. A., J. N. Aarsvold, K. L. Matthews, R. A. Mintzer, P. River, M. Capelli-Schellpfeffer,
R. L. Wollmann, S. Tripathi, C.-T. Chen, and R. C. Lee. 1995. Nonthermally mediated muscle injury and necrosis in electrical trauma. J Burn Care Rehab 16:581–8.
Bordi, F., C. Cametti, and T. Gili. 2001. Reduction of the contribution of electrode polarization effects in the radiowave dielectric measurements of highly conductive
biological cell suspensions. Bioelectrochemistry 54:53–61.
Buchner, R., J. Barthel, and J. Stauber. 1999. The dielectric relaxation of water between
0 degrees and 35 degrees C. Chem Phys Lett 306:57–63.
Budihardjo, I., H. Oliver, M. Lutter, X. Luo, and X. Wang. 1999. Biochemical pathways of
caspase activation during apoptosis. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 15:269–90.
Buescher, E. S., and K. H. Schoenbach. 2003. Effects of submicrosecond, high intensity
pulsed electric fields on living cells—intracellular electromanipulation. IEEE Trans
Diel Electr Ins 10:788–94.
Chen, N., K. H. Schoenbach, J. F. Kolb, R. J. Swanson, A. L. Garner, J. Yang, R. P. Joshi, and
S. J. Beebe. 2004. Leukemic cell intracellular responses to nanosecond electric fields.
Biochem Biophys Res Comm 317:421–7.
Cheng, D. K. L., L. Tung, and E. A. Sobie. 1999. Nonuniform responses of transmembrane
potential during electric field stimulation of single cardiac cells. Am J Physiol H351–62.
Clark, J., and R. Plonsey. 1968. The extracellular potential field of the single active nerve
fiber in a volume conductor. Biophys J 8:842–64.
Cole, R. H. 1975. Evaluation of dielectric behavior by time domain spectroscopy.
I. Dielectric response by real time analysis. J Phys Chem 79:1459–69.
Cole, K. S., and R. H. Cole. 1941. Dispersion and absorption in dielectrics I. Alternating
current characteristics. J Chem Phys 9:341–51.
Cole, R. H., S. Mashimo, and P. Winsor IV. 1980. Evaluation of dielectric behavior by time
domain spectroscopy. 3. Precision difference methods. J Phys Chem 84:786–93.
Croce, R. P., A. De Vita, V. Pierro, and I. M. Pinto. 2010. A thermal model for pulsed EM
field exposure effects in cells at nonthermal levels. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 38:149–55.
Davalos, R. V., L. M. Mir, and B. Rubinsky. 2005. Tissue ablation with irreversible electroporation. Ann Biomed Eng 33:223–31.
Davalos, R. V., B. Rubinsky, and L. M. Mir. 2003. Theoretical analysis on the thermal
effects during in vivo tissue electroporation. Bioelectrochemistry 61:99–107.
Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems
Berg, H. 1995. Possibilities and problems of low frequency weak electro- magnetic fields
in cell biology. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 38:153–9.
Barnett, A., and J. C. Weaver. 1991. A unified, quantitative theory of reversible electrical
breakdown and rupture. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 25:163–82.
Bhatt, D. L., D. C. Gaylor, and R. C. Lee. 1990. Rhabdomolysis due to pulsed electric fields.
Plast Reconstr Surg 86:1–11.
Blank, M. 1993. Biological effects of electromagnetic fields. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg
32:203–10.
Blank, M., ed. 1995. Electromagnetic Fields: Biological Interactions and Mechanisms.
New York: American Chemical Society.
Blank, M., and E. Findl. 1987. Mechanistic Approaches to Interactions of Electromagnetic
Fields with Living Systems. New York: Plenum Press.
Block, T. A., J. N. Aarsvold, K. L. Matthews, R. A. Mintzer, P. River, M. Capelli-Schellpfeffer,
R. L. Wollmann, S. Tripathi, C.-T. Chen, and R. C. Lee. 1995. Nonthermally mediated muscle injury and necrosis in electrical trauma. J Burn Care Rehab 16:581–8.
Bordi, F., C. Cametti, and T. Gili. 2001. Reduction of the contribution of electrode polarization effects in the radiowave dielectric measurements of highly conductive
biological cell suspensions. Bioelectrochemistry 54:53–61.
Buchner, R., J. Barthel, and J. Stauber. 1999. The dielectric relaxation of water between
0 degrees and 35 degrees C. Chem Phys Lett 306:57–63.
Budihardjo, I., H. Oliver, M. Lutter, X. Luo, and X. Wang. 1999. Biochemical pathways of
caspase activation during apoptosis. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 15:269–90.
Buescher, E. S., and K. H. Schoenbach. 2003. Effects of submicrosecond, high intensity
pulsed electric fields on living cells—intracellular electromanipulation. IEEE Trans
Diel Electr Ins 10:788–94.
Chen, N., K. H. Schoenbach, J. F. Kolb, R. J. Swanson, A. L. Garner, J. Yang, R. P. Joshi, and
S. J. Beebe. 2004. Leukemic cell intracellular responses to nanosecond electric fields.
Biochem Biophys Res Comm 317:421–7.
Cheng, D. K. L., L. Tung, and E. A. Sobie. 1999. Nonuniform responses of transmembrane
potential during electric field stimulation of single cardiac cells. Am J Physiol H351–62.
Clark, J., and R. Plonsey. 1968. The extracellular potential field of the single active nerve
fiber in a volume conductor. Biophys J 8:842–64.
Cole, R. H. 1975. Evaluation of dielectric behavior by time domain spectroscopy.
I. Dielectric response by real time analysis. J Phys Chem 79:1459–69.
Cole, K. S., and R. H. Cole. 1941. Dispersion and absorption in dielectrics I. Alternating
current characteristics. J Chem Phys 9:341–51.
Cole, R. H., S. Mashimo, and P. Winsor IV. 1980. Evaluation of dielectric behavior by time
domain spectroscopy. 3. Precision difference methods. J Phys Chem 84:786–93.
Croce, R. P., A. De Vita, V. Pierro, and I. M. Pinto. 2010. A thermal model for pulsed EM
field exposure effects in cells at nonthermal levels. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 38:149–55.
Davalos, R. V., L. M. Mir, and B. Rubinsky. 2005. Tissue ablation with irreversible electroporation. Ann Biomed Eng 33:223–31.
Davalos, R. V., B. Rubinsky, and L. M. Mir. 2003. Theoretical analysis on the thermal
effects during in vivo tissue electroporation. Bioelectrochemistry 61:99–107.