105
Pulsed Electric Fields in Biological Cells and Membranes
low-frequency cell suspension conductivity following two electroporating electrical pulses (of nanosecond and microsecond durations) as a function of time. For both
nanosecond- and microsecond-pulsed electric field exposures, low-frequency suspension conductivity monotonically increases. These increases are likely associated with the
formation of membrane pores.
References
Abidor, I. G., V. B. Arakelyan, L. V. Chernomordik, Y. A. Chizmadzhev, V. F. Pastushenko,
and M. R. Tarasevich. 1979. Electric breakdown of bilayer membranes: The main
experimental facts and their qualitative discussion. Bioelectrochem Bioenerget
6:37–52.
Adair, R. K. 1991. Constraints on biological effects of weak extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Phys Rev A 43:1039–48.
Arnold, W. M. 2001. Positioning and levitation media for the separation of biological cells.
IEEE Trans Ind Appl 37:1468–75.
Asencor, F. J., C. Santamaria, F. J. Iglesias, and A. Dominguez. 1993. Dielectric energy of
orientation in dead and living cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe: Fitting of experimental results to a theoretical model. Biophys J 64:1626–31.
Auer, D., G. Brandner, and W. Bodemer. 1976. Dielectric breakdown of the red blood cell
membrane and uptake of SV 40 DNA and mammalian cell RNA. Naturwiss 63:391.
Bagci, E. Z., Y. Vodovotz, T. R. Billiar, G. B. Ermentrout, and I. Bahar. 2006. Bistability
in apoptosis: Roles of Bax, Bcl-2, and mitochondrial permeability transition pores.
Biophys J 90:1546–59.
Barnett, A., and J. C. Weaver. 1991. A unified, quantitative theory of reversible electrical
breakdown and rupture. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 25:163–82.
Bartsch, G., M. Baumann, and R. Grebe. 1997. Numerical calculation of electric fields
surrounding biological cells in three dimensions. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 42:221–6.
Batzing, B. L. 2002. Microbiology: An introduction. Pacific Grove: Thompson Learning.
Becker, A. A. 1992. The Boundary Element Method in Engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Becker, S. M., and A. V. Kuznetsov. 2006. Numerical modeling of in vivo plate electroporation thermal dose assessment. Trans ASME 128:76–84.
Beebe, S. J., P. F. Blackmore, J. White, R. P. Joshi, and K. H. Schoenbach. 2004. Nanosecond
pulsed electric fields modulate cell function through intracellular signal transduction mechanisms. Physiol Meas 25:1077–93.
Beebe, S. J., P. M. Fox, L. J. Rec, E. L. Willis, and K. H. Schoenbach. 2003. Nanosecond, high
intensity pulsed electric fields induce apoptosis in human cells. FASEB J 17:1493–5.
Beeler, G. W., and H. Reuter. 1977. Reconstruction of the action potential of ventricular
myocardial fibres. J Physiol 268:177–210.
Belehradek, M., C. Domenge, B. Luboinski, S. Orlowski, J. Belehradek, and L. M. Mir.
1993. Electrochemotherapy, a new antitumor treatment: first clinical phases I–II
trial. Cancer 72:3694–700.
Berg, H. 1993. Electrostimulation of cell metabolism by low frequency electric and electromagnetic fields. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 31:1–25.
Pulsed Electric Fields in Biological Cells and Membranes
low-frequency cell suspension conductivity following two electroporating electrical pulses (of nanosecond and microsecond durations) as a function of time. For both
nanosecond- and microsecond-pulsed electric field exposures, low-frequency suspension conductivity monotonically increases. These increases are likely associated with the
formation of membrane pores.
References
Abidor, I. G., V. B. Arakelyan, L. V. Chernomordik, Y. A. Chizmadzhev, V. F. Pastushenko,
and M. R. Tarasevich. 1979. Electric breakdown of bilayer membranes: The main
experimental facts and their qualitative discussion. Bioelectrochem Bioenerget
6:37–52.
Adair, R. K. 1991. Constraints on biological effects of weak extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Phys Rev A 43:1039–48.
Arnold, W. M. 2001. Positioning and levitation media for the separation of biological cells.
IEEE Trans Ind Appl 37:1468–75.
Asencor, F. J., C. Santamaria, F. J. Iglesias, and A. Dominguez. 1993. Dielectric energy of
orientation in dead and living cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe: Fitting of experimental results to a theoretical model. Biophys J 64:1626–31.
Auer, D., G. Brandner, and W. Bodemer. 1976. Dielectric breakdown of the red blood cell
membrane and uptake of SV 40 DNA and mammalian cell RNA. Naturwiss 63:391.
Bagci, E. Z., Y. Vodovotz, T. R. Billiar, G. B. Ermentrout, and I. Bahar. 2006. Bistability
in apoptosis: Roles of Bax, Bcl-2, and mitochondrial permeability transition pores.
Biophys J 90:1546–59.
Barnett, A., and J. C. Weaver. 1991. A unified, quantitative theory of reversible electrical
breakdown and rupture. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 25:163–82.
Bartsch, G., M. Baumann, and R. Grebe. 1997. Numerical calculation of electric fields
surrounding biological cells in three dimensions. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 42:221–6.
Batzing, B. L. 2002. Microbiology: An introduction. Pacific Grove: Thompson Learning.
Becker, A. A. 1992. The Boundary Element Method in Engineering. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Becker, S. M., and A. V. Kuznetsov. 2006. Numerical modeling of in vivo plate electroporation thermal dose assessment. Trans ASME 128:76–84.
Beebe, S. J., P. F. Blackmore, J. White, R. P. Joshi, and K. H. Schoenbach. 2004. Nanosecond
pulsed electric fields modulate cell function through intracellular signal transduction mechanisms. Physiol Meas 25:1077–93.
Beebe, S. J., P. M. Fox, L. J. Rec, E. L. Willis, and K. H. Schoenbach. 2003. Nanosecond, high
intensity pulsed electric fields induce apoptosis in human cells. FASEB J 17:1493–5.
Beeler, G. W., and H. Reuter. 1977. Reconstruction of the action potential of ventricular
myocardial fibres. J Physiol 268:177–210.
Belehradek, M., C. Domenge, B. Luboinski, S. Orlowski, J. Belehradek, and L. M. Mir.
1993. Electrochemotherapy, a new antitumor treatment: first clinical phases I–II
trial. Cancer 72:3694–700.
Berg, H. 1993. Electrostimulation of cell metabolism by low frequency electric and electromagnetic fields. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 31:1–25.