present, a number of engineered nanoparticles are being used in various industries
(Mohamed 2020).
4.8 Economic Feasibility of Sustainable Method
as Compared to Existing Method
Biohydrogen is considered as clean fuel as it has no emissions of harmful gases.
Large numbers of research are going on in order to produce and scale up the usage of
this particular fuel. Therefore the research and development in this area is interesting
and required mostly for the development of the nation (Show et al. 2019).
Biohydrogen is one of the energy carriers so its production should be from a primary
source of energy. When considering the economic feasibility, the cost depends upon
the parameters like execution of technology operation, durability, as well as handling
(Spasiano 2018; Eker and Sarp 2017). The economics of sustainable production
mainly deals with equipment, raw material cost, accessibility, transportation, and
development of technologies. By considering all these factors, the biohydrogen from
biomass is one of the most feasible ways (Saratale et al. 2019; Singh and Rathore
2017).
This ecofriendly fuel is a promising substitute to that energy generated from fossil
fuels and which can defeat the crisis and can save the surroundings. Along with this,
it also helps to save the earth from natural calamities. Currently, the global attention
has come to the conclusion that this biohydrogen is one of the most clean trusted
fuels which can be used as well (Naskar and Bondyopadhyay 2018). Average energy
yield from this fuel is nearly 122 kJ/g (Chandrasekhar et al. 2015; Naskar and
Bondyopadhyay 2018; Khan 2014). The by-product produced is water which can
also be used for various purposes (Sarkar and Kumar 2011). There are lots of
demerits which can be overcompensated with many novel methods. These can be
done by analyzing the LSA as well as the efficiency of the novel approach (Argun
et al. 2017). In order to reach this level, a large number of advanced technologies are
required in order to produce maximum amount of sustainable hydrogen.
4.9 Biohydrogen: Next-Generation Fuel
4.9.1 Definition and Types of Biofuel
Worldwide dependency on fossil fuels has increased to about 1100 Gt CO 2 in the
nineteenth century. Presently the GHG emission is mainly due to the utilization of
fossil fuels primarily owing to its applications like power generation, supply of heat,
and so on. Along with this, the total emission of GHGs is more than 70% with the
use of fossil fuels, while in the case of biohydrogen, it is 0% (Demirbas 2008; Dürre
4 Biohydrogen Production from Biomass
85
(Mohamed 2020).
4.8 Economic Feasibility of Sustainable Method
as Compared to Existing Method
Biohydrogen is considered as clean fuel as it has no emissions of harmful gases.
Large numbers of research are going on in order to produce and scale up the usage of
this particular fuel. Therefore the research and development in this area is interesting
and required mostly for the development of the nation (Show et al. 2019).
Biohydrogen is one of the energy carriers so its production should be from a primary
source of energy. When considering the economic feasibility, the cost depends upon
the parameters like execution of technology operation, durability, as well as handling
(Spasiano 2018; Eker and Sarp 2017). The economics of sustainable production
mainly deals with equipment, raw material cost, accessibility, transportation, and
development of technologies. By considering all these factors, the biohydrogen from
biomass is one of the most feasible ways (Saratale et al. 2019; Singh and Rathore
2017).
This ecofriendly fuel is a promising substitute to that energy generated from fossil
fuels and which can defeat the crisis and can save the surroundings. Along with this,
it also helps to save the earth from natural calamities. Currently, the global attention
has come to the conclusion that this biohydrogen is one of the most clean trusted
fuels which can be used as well (Naskar and Bondyopadhyay 2018). Average energy
yield from this fuel is nearly 122 kJ/g (Chandrasekhar et al. 2015; Naskar and
Bondyopadhyay 2018; Khan 2014). The by-product produced is water which can
also be used for various purposes (Sarkar and Kumar 2011). There are lots of
demerits which can be overcompensated with many novel methods. These can be
done by analyzing the LSA as well as the efficiency of the novel approach (Argun
et al. 2017). In order to reach this level, a large number of advanced technologies are
required in order to produce maximum amount of sustainable hydrogen.
4.9 Biohydrogen: Next-Generation Fuel
4.9.1 Definition and Types of Biofuel
Worldwide dependency on fossil fuels has increased to about 1100 Gt CO 2 in the
nineteenth century. Presently the GHG emission is mainly due to the utilization of
fossil fuels primarily owing to its applications like power generation, supply of heat,
and so on. Along with this, the total emission of GHGs is more than 70% with the
use of fossil fuels, while in the case of biohydrogen, it is 0% (Demirbas 2008; Dürre
4 Biohydrogen Production from Biomass
85