Nasaruddin et al. examined the construction of biodiesel from sludge palm oil
(51.64% fatty acids) and cheap waste oil through enzymatic catalysis (Candida
cylindracea lipase).
The result indicated that the chief production of biodiesel (62.3% w/w) was
attained at an optimal reaction time of 24 h.
Ester yields (%)
100
97
94
91
88
0.50
0.75
1.00
Catalyst amount (%)
4.5:1
6:1
7.5:1
Fig. 1.12 The change in the ester yield with the different amount of KOH and methanol (Alptekin
et al. 2012)
120
100
80
60
Ester yields (%)
40
20
0
25
30
Chicken fat Mutton fat
35
40
Temperature(
o
C)
45
50
55
60
65
Fig. 1.13 Influence of temperature on the production of biodiesel at 1.25 g catalyst (Bhatti et al.
2008)
1 Biofuel Production Technologies, Comparing the Biofuels and Fossil Fuels
19