Ester yield is one of the supreme critical factors, which move the biodiesel price
(Alptekin et al. 2012). It is considered by dividing the ester extent to the pretreated
fat quantity utilized for transesterification (Dagne et al. 2019).
Yield %
ð Þ ¼
Total weight of fatty acid methyl ester
Total weight of oil in the sample
 100 %
ð Þ
ð1:3Þ
Higher ester incomes, up to 93.6%, were achieved at KOH-catalyzed reactions
(Fig. 1.12) (Alptekin et al. 2012).
Bhatti et al. applied chicken fat (98.29% fatty acids) and mutton tallow waste
(97.25% fatty acids) for biofuel production. In optimum situations, chicken and
mutton fat methyl esters development after 24 h in acid was obtained 99.01% and
93.21%, respectively.
Figure 1.13 indicates the consequence of temperature on the production of
biodiesel. The maximum production of biodiesel was gained at 50
and 60
C for
chicken fat and mutton tallow, respectively.
Temperatures higher than 60
C were not utilized for biodiesel making since at
high temperatures, catalyst (H 2 SO 4 ) might hurt oil and entail low produce of
biodiesel.
The production of biodiesel was dependent on the catalyst quantity. By increasing
the extent of H 2 SO 4 from 1 to 3 g, the biodiesel yield of the chicken fat and mutton
tallow was improved (Fig. 1.14).
Both fats are very appropriate to create biodiesel with suggested fuel attributes
(Bhatti et al. 2008).
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
viscosity (mm
2
.s
-1
)
4.5
4.0
0.50
0.75
Catalyst amount (%)
1.00
4.5:1
6:1
7.5:1
Fig. 1.11 The alteration in the viscosity with the diverse extent of KOH and methanol (Alptekin
et al. 2012)
18
Z. Shahi and M. Khajeh Mehrizi