Kumar et al. (2014) tested N. oleander (Adelfa) biodiesel blend and compared the
emission and performance characteristics of single-cylinder DI diesel engines with
three different blends of MEON to select the suitable blend ratio to obtain proximate
performance to diesel. Kumar et al. (2013b) compared MEON with petroleum diesel
at different blend ratios and performed emission tests for B20 in CI engines.
Prabhakar et al. (2015) utilized NOME as an alternative fuel in a Kirloskar singlecylinder stationary engine to study the emission and performance characteristics of
pure diesel-MEON blends. The blend ratios of B0, B20, B40, B60 and B80 were
prepared, and it was found that B20 provides good performance proximate to diesel.
From the emission characteristics, the reduction in hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and increase in NOx emissions were observed when compared with pure
diesel.
Sekar et al. (2017) converted N. oleander oil to biodiesel to test a diesel engine by
operating with the various blend ratios of biodiesel with base fuel to determine the
optimum ratio. Ramalingam et al. (2015) coated the surface of piston, inlet valves,
cylinder head and exhaust valves of pure diesel-MEON blend fuelled DI diesel
single-cylinder four-stroke engine with partly stable zirconia (PSZ) material. The
results for engine performance and emissions of uncoated and coated engines were
compared. Specific fuel consumption of PSZ-coated engine was lesser, and brake
thermal efficiency was 3.8% higher. The emission characteristics were enhanced
except NOx for the PSZ-coated engine.
Bora (2009) conducted the studies on functioning of single-cylinder diesel engine
using seeds of karabi (N. oleander) biodiesel and observed that MEON can effectively be used as a substitute for diesel fuel in existing engines without any changes.
Senthil and Gopalakrishnan (2012) conducted the experiments for studying the
performance, emissions, noise and combustion characteristics of diesel engine
fuelled by pure diesel oil of N. oleander blends. The blend ratios of D80 (B20),
D60 (B40), D40 (B60), D20 (B80) and D0 (B100) were prepared, and it was found
that D80 (B20) provides good performance proximate to diesel.
Kumar et al. (2013a) blended N. oleander oil with diesel to utilize in a four-stroke
single-cylinder CI engine. The performance characteristics and emissions are studied
on a diesel engine, cooled by water, that develops 7.5 kW output power at 25 rps,
when fuelled with N. oleander oil-pure diesel blend ratios of D60, D70 and D80. The
performance characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency, brake power, mechanical efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption and volumetric efficiency were computed based on engine analysis experimentally. Also, carbon
monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions
were measured.
Yadav et al. (2018) studied the functioning, emissions and combustion qualities
of a direct injection four-cylinder CI engine cooled by water to test the biodiesel
(methyl ester) produced from T. peruviana oil. The experiments on engine were
carried out with different mixing ratios of D10 (B90), D20 (B80) and D30 (B70) at
different speeds. During engine functioning tests, blends of biodiesel revealed higher
thermal efficiency of the brakes, specific fuel consumption of the brakes (for lower
blend ratios of up to 20%) and temperature of exhaust gas superior to petroleum
140
S. Sivamani et al.
emission and performance characteristics of single-cylinder DI diesel engines with
three different blends of MEON to select the suitable blend ratio to obtain proximate
performance to diesel. Kumar et al. (2013b) compared MEON with petroleum diesel
at different blend ratios and performed emission tests for B20 in CI engines.
Prabhakar et al. (2015) utilized NOME as an alternative fuel in a Kirloskar singlecylinder stationary engine to study the emission and performance characteristics of
pure diesel-MEON blends. The blend ratios of B0, B20, B40, B60 and B80 were
prepared, and it was found that B20 provides good performance proximate to diesel.
From the emission characteristics, the reduction in hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and increase in NOx emissions were observed when compared with pure
diesel.
Sekar et al. (2017) converted N. oleander oil to biodiesel to test a diesel engine by
operating with the various blend ratios of biodiesel with base fuel to determine the
optimum ratio. Ramalingam et al. (2015) coated the surface of piston, inlet valves,
cylinder head and exhaust valves of pure diesel-MEON blend fuelled DI diesel
single-cylinder four-stroke engine with partly stable zirconia (PSZ) material. The
results for engine performance and emissions of uncoated and coated engines were
compared. Specific fuel consumption of PSZ-coated engine was lesser, and brake
thermal efficiency was 3.8% higher. The emission characteristics were enhanced
except NOx for the PSZ-coated engine.
Bora (2009) conducted the studies on functioning of single-cylinder diesel engine
using seeds of karabi (N. oleander) biodiesel and observed that MEON can effectively be used as a substitute for diesel fuel in existing engines without any changes.
Senthil and Gopalakrishnan (2012) conducted the experiments for studying the
performance, emissions, noise and combustion characteristics of diesel engine
fuelled by pure diesel oil of N. oleander blends. The blend ratios of D80 (B20),
D60 (B40), D40 (B60), D20 (B80) and D0 (B100) were prepared, and it was found
that D80 (B20) provides good performance proximate to diesel.
Kumar et al. (2013a) blended N. oleander oil with diesel to utilize in a four-stroke
single-cylinder CI engine. The performance characteristics and emissions are studied
on a diesel engine, cooled by water, that develops 7.5 kW output power at 25 rps,
when fuelled with N. oleander oil-pure diesel blend ratios of D60, D70 and D80. The
performance characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency, brake power, mechanical efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption and volumetric efficiency were computed based on engine analysis experimentally. Also, carbon
monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions
were measured.
Yadav et al. (2018) studied the functioning, emissions and combustion qualities
of a direct injection four-cylinder CI engine cooled by water to test the biodiesel
(methyl ester) produced from T. peruviana oil. The experiments on engine were
carried out with different mixing ratios of D10 (B90), D20 (B80) and D30 (B70) at
different speeds. During engine functioning tests, blends of biodiesel revealed higher
thermal efficiency of the brakes, specific fuel consumption of the brakes (for lower
blend ratios of up to 20%) and temperature of exhaust gas superior to petroleum
140
S. Sivamani et al.