algal biomass but to a certain extent can be linked to the utilization of CO 2 as
feedstock. The usage of algal biomass with the help of microbes can improve the
process as they are found everywhere. These depend on the structure as they have
lipids. Mostly the species belonging to Chlorella are selected because they have a
huge amount of lipid content and their range of productivity is high. Apart from
these, there are many risks which include graphical as well as technical issues.
Commonly, they produce an average rate of 1–7 g/L/d of biomass (Chen et al.
2011). They require a large amount of water if industrial synthesis is carried out for
large-scale production which has a large number of limitations that are to be solved.
The pretreatment of lipids has to be done before starting the process (Tran et al.
2010).
4.11.4 Biohydrogen Production from Different Biomass
The various sources used to produce biohydrogen are discussed in the previous
sessions. Though research on the biohydrogen production is not new and basic
photolytic hydrogen production during photosynthesis was explained long way
back, currently a possibility for industrial production of hydrogen from biological
sources provides a boost in the field. After the possibility of hydrogen usage as
transportation fuel, the research in this field has fuelled up with tremendous improvement. Various sources (Fig. 4.3) and basic methods used for biohydrogen production
using biomass are shown in Fig. 4.4.
4.11.5 Biohydrogen Production from Food Waste
As already discussed, biomass is an important source for biohydrogen production.
Also, food waste is a promising feedstock which contains a huge amount of
biomolecule. Hydrogen is a clean as well as ecofriendly, recyclable fuel with a
specific heat of about 142 kJ per g (Fatima et al. 2020). According to UNFAO, about
one-third of the total amount of food is wasted which can cost up to 750 billion
dollars. India is the seventh most food-wasting country considering the entire globe.
India has a loss of about 92 thousand crores of food in a year in Mumbai itself (Kim
et al. 2009). So these can cause a negative impact to the country. Hence, the
production with this food residue can be a major asset to the nation (Kim and Shin
2008). Dumping the waste to open ground releases a large amount of toxic gases to
the surroundings which adversely affect the organisms and environment. When
considering different processes for synthesis, the dark fermentation method is an
important one. The photofermentation of food residue is less effective, thereby
manifesting the dark fermentation with no external energy input making it reliable
and cost-effective (Nazlina et al. 2009). Various parameters have to be maintained
for dark fermentation such as pH, partial pressure, physiochemical conditions, and
so on (Yasin et al. 2011).
4 Biohydrogen Production from Biomass
91
feedstock. The usage of algal biomass with the help of microbes can improve the
process as they are found everywhere. These depend on the structure as they have
lipids. Mostly the species belonging to Chlorella are selected because they have a
huge amount of lipid content and their range of productivity is high. Apart from
these, there are many risks which include graphical as well as technical issues.
Commonly, they produce an average rate of 1–7 g/L/d of biomass (Chen et al.
2011). They require a large amount of water if industrial synthesis is carried out for
large-scale production which has a large number of limitations that are to be solved.
The pretreatment of lipids has to be done before starting the process (Tran et al.
2010).
4.11.4 Biohydrogen Production from Different Biomass
The various sources used to produce biohydrogen are discussed in the previous
sessions. Though research on the biohydrogen production is not new and basic
photolytic hydrogen production during photosynthesis was explained long way
back, currently a possibility for industrial production of hydrogen from biological
sources provides a boost in the field. After the possibility of hydrogen usage as
transportation fuel, the research in this field has fuelled up with tremendous improvement. Various sources (Fig. 4.3) and basic methods used for biohydrogen production
using biomass are shown in Fig. 4.4.
4.11.5 Biohydrogen Production from Food Waste
As already discussed, biomass is an important source for biohydrogen production.
Also, food waste is a promising feedstock which contains a huge amount of
biomolecule. Hydrogen is a clean as well as ecofriendly, recyclable fuel with a
specific heat of about 142 kJ per g (Fatima et al. 2020). According to UNFAO, about
one-third of the total amount of food is wasted which can cost up to 750 billion
dollars. India is the seventh most food-wasting country considering the entire globe.
India has a loss of about 92 thousand crores of food in a year in Mumbai itself (Kim
et al. 2009). So these can cause a negative impact to the country. Hence, the
production with this food residue can be a major asset to the nation (Kim and Shin
2008). Dumping the waste to open ground releases a large amount of toxic gases to
the surroundings which adversely affect the organisms and environment. When
considering different processes for synthesis, the dark fermentation method is an
important one. The photofermentation of food residue is less effective, thereby
manifesting the dark fermentation with no external energy input making it reliable
and cost-effective (Nazlina et al. 2009). Various parameters have to be maintained
for dark fermentation such as pH, partial pressure, physiochemical conditions, and
so on (Yasin et al. 2011).
4 Biohydrogen Production from Biomass
91