434
Index
Parton, 273–283
and Breit (brick-wall) frame, 279
distribution function, 277, 281–283
model, 273
and Drell–Yan process, 284–287
and quarks and gluons, 281–283
sea, 282
valence, 282
Path integral formalism, 130–131, 200, 204
Pauli
exclusion principle, 125
matrices, 68, 85
Perturbation theory
in interaction picture, 153–158
in non-relativistic quantum mechanics (NRQM), 150, 310–311
time-dependent, 222, 363–364
in quantum field theory
bare, 299–318, 324
renormalized, 318–325
Phase
factor, non-integrable, 60
invariance, 22
global, 54
local, 42, 53–55
space, two-particle, 161
evaluated in CM frame, 175–176
evaluated in ‘laboratory’ frame,
413–416
Lorentz invariant, 161, 175, 413–
414
transformation, space-time dependent, 53
Phonon, 14, 122, 151
Photon
absorption and emission of, 364
as excitation quantum of electromagnetic field, 124
external, 250–251
masslessness of, 22, 25, 29, 32
and polarization states, 29, 197–
199
propagator, 204–205
and gauge choice, 205
virtual, 239, 277, 293
Pion
Compton wavelength, 366
form factor, 245–250
weak decay, 22
Planck scale, 38
Point-like interaction, 19, 24
Poisson’s equation, 16, 243, 393
Polarization
of charge in dielectric, 339–341
circular, 198
linear, 199
states
longitudinal, 203–204
for massive spin-1 bosons, 29–30,
32, 199
for photons, 29–30, 197–199
pseudo-completeness relation, 204–
205, 253
time-like (scalar), 203–204
transverse, 199, 250
sum, for photons, 252–253
of vacuum, 340–341
vectors, for photons, 197–199
Positron, prediction and discovery of, 77
Positronium, 36–37
Probability current
for Dirac equation, 71, 79, 91–93
4-vector character, 65, 71, 93
for KG equation, 65, 78, 84
for Schr¨ odinger equation, 84, 361
Probability distribution functions
for partons, 277
for quarks, 281–283
Projection operators, 294, 408–409
Propagator, 20
complete, in ABC theory, 306
in external line, 324
for complex scalar field, 189–190
for Dirac field, 195
for photon, 200–205
in arbitrary gauge, 205
renormalized, in ABC theory, 322
for scalar field, 165–172
Pseudoscalar (under P), 98
Psi meson (ψ/J particle), 9; see also Charmonium
Quantum electrodynamics (QED), 4, 13,
22, 25–26, 28, 31–32, 35, 41,
208–209, 299, 312, 318, 327–
360
introduction, 206–210
renormalizability of, 32, 61, 349, 358
Index
Parton, 273–283
and Breit (brick-wall) frame, 279
distribution function, 277, 281–283
model, 273
and Drell–Yan process, 284–287
and quarks and gluons, 281–283
sea, 282
valence, 282
Path integral formalism, 130–131, 200, 204
Pauli
exclusion principle, 125
matrices, 68, 85
Perturbation theory
in interaction picture, 153–158
in non-relativistic quantum mechanics (NRQM), 150, 310–311
time-dependent, 222, 363–364
in quantum field theory
bare, 299–318, 324
renormalized, 318–325
Phase
factor, non-integrable, 60
invariance, 22
global, 54
local, 42, 53–55
space, two-particle, 161
evaluated in CM frame, 175–176
evaluated in ‘laboratory’ frame,
413–416
Lorentz invariant, 161, 175, 413–
414
transformation, space-time dependent, 53
Phonon, 14, 122, 151
Photon
absorption and emission of, 364
as excitation quantum of electromagnetic field, 124
external, 250–251
masslessness of, 22, 25, 29, 32
and polarization states, 29, 197–
199
propagator, 204–205
and gauge choice, 205
virtual, 239, 277, 293
Pion
Compton wavelength, 366
form factor, 245–250
weak decay, 22
Planck scale, 38
Point-like interaction, 19, 24
Poisson’s equation, 16, 243, 393
Polarization
of charge in dielectric, 339–341
circular, 198
linear, 199
states
longitudinal, 203–204
for massive spin-1 bosons, 29–30,
32, 199
for photons, 29–30, 197–199
pseudo-completeness relation, 204–
205, 253
time-like (scalar), 203–204
transverse, 199, 250
sum, for photons, 252–253
of vacuum, 340–341
vectors, for photons, 197–199
Positron, prediction and discovery of, 77
Positronium, 36–37
Probability current
for Dirac equation, 71, 79, 91–93
4-vector character, 65, 71, 93
for KG equation, 65, 78, 84
for Schr¨ odinger equation, 84, 361
Probability distribution functions
for partons, 277
for quarks, 281–283
Projection operators, 294, 408–409
Propagator, 20
complete, in ABC theory, 306
in external line, 324
for complex scalar field, 189–190
for Dirac field, 195
for photon, 200–205
in arbitrary gauge, 205
renormalized, in ABC theory, 322
for scalar field, 165–172
Pseudoscalar (under P), 98
Psi meson (ψ/J particle), 9; see also Charmonium
Quantum electrodynamics (QED), 4, 13,
22, 25–26, 28, 31–32, 35, 41,
208–209, 299, 312, 318, 327–
360
introduction, 206–210
renormalizability of, 32, 61, 349, 358