Index
435
scalar, 209–211
spinor, 206–210
tests of, 350–352
Quanta, 121, 133, 140–142
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) 4, 9–
12, 15, 27, 29, 343
and asymptotic freedom, 11, 28, 343–
344
lattice, 29
renormalizability of, 33
Quantum field theory
antiparticles in, 183–191, 194–195
complex scalar field, 184–191
Dirac field, 191–196
fundamental commutator, 138, 193
interacting scalar fields, 149–181
internal symmetries in, 184–188,
194–195
Klein–Gordon field, 145–146, 184–
191
Lagrange–Hamilton formulation,
137–144
Maxwell field, 199–205
perturbation theory for, 152–158
qualitative description, 14–15, 115–
125, 149–151
real scalar field, 137–146
Quark, 3–4, 8–12
charges, 8
charm, 9
colour, 10
confinement, see Confinement
flavour, 10–11
as hadronic constituent, 8–12
masses, 11–12
model potential, 28, 37
parton model, 281–283, 291
sum rules, 281–283
probability distribution functions,
281–283
quantum numbers, 10–11
sea, 282
valence, 282
R (e
+ e
− annihilation ratio), 290–291
Regularization, 306, 316, 330
cut-off method, 316–317
dimensional, 333
Relativity
general, 48
special, 371–375
Renormalizability, 30–33, 324–326
as criterion for physical theory, 353–
360
criteria for, 162, 353–360
and gauge invariance, 32, 61, 360
Renormalization, 30–33, 162, 318–323,
327–336
conditions, 321–323, 355
constant, 310, 322
field strength, 308–311
group, 33, 342
and Higgs sector of SM, 30–33
mass, 307–308
of QED, 327–336
Resonance width, 173–174
ρ-dominance of pion form factor, 289
Rosenbluth cross section, 260
Running coupling constant, see Coupling
constant, running
Rutherford
scattering, 21, 26–27, 224, 241
from charge distribution, 243–244
Sakharov conditions, 104
Scalar field, 115
Scalar potential, 45
Scalar (under P), 98
Scaling, see also Bjorken, scaling
in Drell–Yan process, 284–287, 295–
296
and operator product expansions,
274
variables, 272–275
violations, 273, 293
Scattering
amplitude, 400, 402
Compton, of electron, 250–254
Coulomb
of charged spin1
2
particles, 227–
234
of charged spinless particles, 221–
226
e
− d, 275–276
e
− , from charge distribution, 243–
244
435
scalar, 209–211
spinor, 206–210
tests of, 350–352
Quanta, 121, 133, 140–142
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) 4, 9–
12, 15, 27, 29, 343
and asymptotic freedom, 11, 28, 343–
344
lattice, 29
renormalizability of, 33
Quantum field theory
antiparticles in, 183–191, 194–195
complex scalar field, 184–191
Dirac field, 191–196
fundamental commutator, 138, 193
interacting scalar fields, 149–181
internal symmetries in, 184–188,
194–195
Klein–Gordon field, 145–146, 184–
191
Lagrange–Hamilton formulation,
137–144
Maxwell field, 199–205
perturbation theory for, 152–158
qualitative description, 14–15, 115–
125, 149–151
real scalar field, 137–146
Quark, 3–4, 8–12
charges, 8
charm, 9
colour, 10
confinement, see Confinement
flavour, 10–11
as hadronic constituent, 8–12
masses, 11–12
model potential, 28, 37
parton model, 281–283, 291
sum rules, 281–283
probability distribution functions,
281–283
quantum numbers, 10–11
sea, 282
valence, 282
R (e
+ e
− annihilation ratio), 290–291
Regularization, 306, 316, 330
cut-off method, 316–317
dimensional, 333
Relativity
general, 48
special, 371–375
Renormalizability, 30–33, 324–326
as criterion for physical theory, 353–
360
criteria for, 162, 353–360
and gauge invariance, 32, 61, 360
Renormalization, 30–33, 162, 318–323,
327–336
conditions, 321–323, 355
constant, 310, 322
field strength, 308–311
group, 33, 342
and Higgs sector of SM, 30–33
mass, 307–308
of QED, 327–336
Resonance width, 173–174
ρ-dominance of pion form factor, 289
Rosenbluth cross section, 260
Running coupling constant, see Coupling
constant, running
Rutherford
scattering, 21, 26–27, 224, 241
from charge distribution, 243–244
Sakharov conditions, 104
Scalar field, 115
Scalar potential, 45
Scalar (under P), 98
Scaling, see also Bjorken, scaling
in Drell–Yan process, 284–287, 295–
296
and operator product expansions,
274
variables, 272–275
violations, 273, 293
Scattering
amplitude, 400, 402
Compton, of electron, 250–254
Coulomb
of charged spin1
2
particles, 227–
234
of charged spinless particles, 221–
226
e
− d, 275–276
e
− , from charge distribution, 243–
244