432
Index
Interactions
electromagnetic, 21–22
introduction via the gauge principle, 206–210
of spin-0 particles, 221–226
of spin1
2
particles, 226–234
in quantum field theory, qualitative
description of, 149–151
Interference terms, in quantum mechanics, 53
Interquark potential, 28
Invariant amplitude, 161, 172, 236, 239,
249, 251, 255, 345
Invariance
and dynamical theories, 41–42
global, 42, 47, 61
local, 42, 47–48, 61
phase, 53–56
Lorentz, 371–375
Jets, 26–27, 29, 291–292
J/ψ 9, 13; see also Charmonium
K-factor, 278
Klein–Gordon equation, 63–65
and C, 99–100
derivation, 63–64
free-particle solutions, 64
normalization of, 224
first-order perturbation theory for,
222
negative-energy solutions, 64, 77–80
negative probabilities, 65
and P, 95
potential, 80–81, 86, 221
probability current density, 65, 80,
84
probability density, 65, 80, 84
and T, 104–105
Klein–Gordon field, 145–146, 184–191
Lagrangian, 125–128
ABC, 312, 319
classical field mechanics, 133–135
density, 134
Dirac, 191
Klein–Gordon, 145
Maxwell, 197, 201, 216
particle mechanics, 126–128
QED, 327
quantum field dynamics, 137–144
Schr¨ odinger, 147
string, 136, 145
Lamb shift, 338
Uehling contribution, 338
Landau gauge, 205
Least action, Hamilton’s principle of, 125–
127
Lenz’s law, 43
Lepton, 3–8
flavour, 5–7
Lepton quantum numbers, 4–7
Lepton tensor, see Tensor, lepton
Leptoquark, 295
Linear superposition, 117, 151
Loop diagrams, 177–178, 299–300
closed fermion, 331
and divergences, 178, 303–304
and renormalization, 178, 299–360
in ABC theory, 299–326
in QED, 327–360
and unitarity, 344–345
Loop momenta, 178
Lorentz
condition, 197–198, 201, 203, 237
covariance, 46
force law, 49
gauge, 205, 245, 251
invariance, 371–375
and form factors, 244–245, 258
and inelastic hadron tensor, 270–
271
-invariant phase space (Lips), 175
in CM frame, 176
in ‘laboratory’ frame, 413–416
transformations, 371
and Dirac equation, 89–94
and KG equation, 87–89, 109
Magnetic moment
anomalous, 348–352
and renormalizability, 349
of electron, 80–83, 350–352
of muon, 350–352
orbital, 362
Majorana
fermion, 101–102
field, 212–213
Index
Interactions
electromagnetic, 21–22
introduction via the gauge principle, 206–210
of spin-0 particles, 221–226
of spin1
2
particles, 226–234
in quantum field theory, qualitative
description of, 149–151
Interference terms, in quantum mechanics, 53
Interquark potential, 28
Invariant amplitude, 161, 172, 236, 239,
249, 251, 255, 345
Invariance
and dynamical theories, 41–42
global, 42, 47, 61
local, 42, 47–48, 61
phase, 53–56
Lorentz, 371–375
Jets, 26–27, 29, 291–292
J/ψ 9, 13; see also Charmonium
K-factor, 278
Klein–Gordon equation, 63–65
and C, 99–100
derivation, 63–64
free-particle solutions, 64
normalization of, 224
first-order perturbation theory for,
222
negative-energy solutions, 64, 77–80
negative probabilities, 65
and P, 95
potential, 80–81, 86, 221
probability current density, 65, 80,
84
probability density, 65, 80, 84
and T, 104–105
Klein–Gordon field, 145–146, 184–191
Lagrangian, 125–128
ABC, 312, 319
classical field mechanics, 133–135
density, 134
Dirac, 191
Klein–Gordon, 145
Maxwell, 197, 201, 216
particle mechanics, 126–128
QED, 327
quantum field dynamics, 137–144
Schr¨ odinger, 147
string, 136, 145
Lamb shift, 338
Uehling contribution, 338
Landau gauge, 205
Least action, Hamilton’s principle of, 125–
127
Lenz’s law, 43
Lepton, 3–8
flavour, 5–7
Lepton quantum numbers, 4–7
Lepton tensor, see Tensor, lepton
Leptoquark, 295
Linear superposition, 117, 151
Loop diagrams, 177–178, 299–300
closed fermion, 331
and divergences, 178, 303–304
and renormalization, 178, 299–360
in ABC theory, 299–326
in QED, 327–360
and unitarity, 344–345
Loop momenta, 178
Lorentz
condition, 197–198, 201, 203, 237
covariance, 46
force law, 49
gauge, 205, 245, 251
invariance, 371–375
and form factors, 244–245, 258
and inelastic hadron tensor, 270–
271
-invariant phase space (Lips), 175
in CM frame, 176
in ‘laboratory’ frame, 413–416
transformations, 371
and Dirac equation, 89–94
and KG equation, 87–89, 109
Magnetic moment
anomalous, 348–352
and renormalizability, 349
of electron, 80–83, 350–352
of muon, 350–352
orbital, 362
Majorana
fermion, 101–102
field, 212–213