454
K. Kubiak-Wójcicka et al.
from the municipal sector and agriculture (biogenic pollution), as well as industrial
pollution lead to changes in the quality of water. Various types of indicators, which
determine the amount and type of impurities contained in water and the condition
of aquatic biocoenoses, are used to assess the quality of water. There are biological,
physical and chemical indicators. According to the Water Framework Directive,
biological indicators are used to determine the ecological status of surface waters
in detail, while other indicators (physicochemical, hydromorphological) have an
auxiliary value. Much attention is paid to pollution that leads to eutrophication.
Surface water status assessment is used for integrated water management. Having
knowledge about the size and quality of water resources and their changeability over
time, it is possible to properly manage and manage water resources.
This volume discusses the current problems and research topics implemented
by scientists from various scientific centers from all over Poland dealing with the
quality of water resources. Based on their many years of research, a summary of
the most important findings and conclusions from the research on the quality and
variability of surface and underground water resources has been presented. A set of
recommendations extracted from all chapters was also presented to help scientists
and decision-makers in the pursuit of sustainable use of water resources in Poland.
19.2 Update
In Poland, different systems for classifying water status were used at different times.
From 1991 to the end of 2003, water purity classes were determined on the basis
of monitoring results for the purity of rivers and lakes on a three-point scale. Class
I included waters suitable for use as drinking water (also as a source of water for
industry requiring clean water and for salmonid farming). Class II included waters
suitable for use of farmed animals, including fish other than salmonids, as well as for
sport and recreation. Class III is water suitable for use by industry and agriculture.
Waters not meeting the norm for the 3rd class were called NON (an abbreviation
of ‘not conforming to the norms’). Detailed physicochemical and sanitary indicators together with admissible ranges for individual classes were specified in relevant
ordinances. Some indicators were obligatory and they were: the amount of dissolved
oxygen, BZT 5 , ChZT Mn , the concentration of phenols, chlorides, sulfates, solutes and
suspensions. Guidelines on the principles of basic monitoring of lakes carried out by
the State Inspectorate for Environmental Protection are presented in scientific publications [1, 2] and on the websites of institutions responsible for water monitoring.
Poland’s accession to the European Union in May 2004 required the adaptation of
national regulations to EU regulations. In 2004, the ordinance of the Minister of the
Environment “on the classification for presenting the status of surface waters and
groundwater, how to monitor and how to interpret the results and presentation of
these waters” was in force, in which five water quality classes were defined (classes
IV and V have been added). This system operated in Poland until 2008 and was
K. Kubiak-Wójcicka et al.
from the municipal sector and agriculture (biogenic pollution), as well as industrial
pollution lead to changes in the quality of water. Various types of indicators, which
determine the amount and type of impurities contained in water and the condition
of aquatic biocoenoses, are used to assess the quality of water. There are biological,
physical and chemical indicators. According to the Water Framework Directive,
biological indicators are used to determine the ecological status of surface waters
in detail, while other indicators (physicochemical, hydromorphological) have an
auxiliary value. Much attention is paid to pollution that leads to eutrophication.
Surface water status assessment is used for integrated water management. Having
knowledge about the size and quality of water resources and their changeability over
time, it is possible to properly manage and manage water resources.
This volume discusses the current problems and research topics implemented
by scientists from various scientific centers from all over Poland dealing with the
quality of water resources. Based on their many years of research, a summary of
the most important findings and conclusions from the research on the quality and
variability of surface and underground water resources has been presented. A set of
recommendations extracted from all chapters was also presented to help scientists
and decision-makers in the pursuit of sustainable use of water resources in Poland.
19.2 Update
In Poland, different systems for classifying water status were used at different times.
From 1991 to the end of 2003, water purity classes were determined on the basis
of monitoring results for the purity of rivers and lakes on a three-point scale. Class
I included waters suitable for use as drinking water (also as a source of water for
industry requiring clean water and for salmonid farming). Class II included waters
suitable for use of farmed animals, including fish other than salmonids, as well as for
sport and recreation. Class III is water suitable for use by industry and agriculture.
Waters not meeting the norm for the 3rd class were called NON (an abbreviation
of ‘not conforming to the norms’). Detailed physicochemical and sanitary indicators together with admissible ranges for individual classes were specified in relevant
ordinances. Some indicators were obligatory and they were: the amount of dissolved
oxygen, BZT 5 , ChZT Mn , the concentration of phenols, chlorides, sulfates, solutes and
suspensions. Guidelines on the principles of basic monitoring of lakes carried out by
the State Inspectorate for Environmental Protection are presented in scientific publications [1, 2] and on the websites of institutions responsible for water monitoring.
Poland’s accession to the European Union in May 2004 required the adaptation of
national regulations to EU regulations. In 2004, the ordinance of the Minister of the
Environment “on the classification for presenting the status of surface waters and
groundwater, how to monitor and how to interpret the results and presentation of
these waters” was in force, in which five water quality classes were defined (classes
IV and V have been added). This system operated in Poland until 2008 and was